Research Status and Prospect of Soil and Water Loss Mechanism and Prevention Measures in Pisha Sandstone Area

Pisha sandstone is mainly distributed in the sandy and coarse sand area at the junction of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Inner Mongolia in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Pisha sandstone is the main component of coarse sediment in the suspended river bed in the lower Yellow River, which is related to the safety of the Yellow River. The lithological characteristics of Pisha sandstone are developed pore structure, loose structure, and collapse when encountering water, resulting in its extremely easy weathering. In addition, due to the impact of various factors such as variable topographic and geomorphological characteristics, harsh climate, and complex hydrological conditions, the erosion mechanism in Pisha Sandstone areas is complex and the types of erosion are diverse. It is the key to control soil and water loss to describe the occurrence, development and evolution pattern of Pisha Sandstone erosion systematically. Based on the literature review, by reviewing the existing research results on the erosion of arsenic sandstone, the influencing factors and evolution process of weathering and erosion of arsenic sandstone are systematically sorted out. The erosion evolution process of slope and channel, sediment production and flow law were analyzed. This paper summarizes the research results of existing control measures and the existing problems in the Pisha sandstone area, and puts forward some suggestions. ① It is recommended to focus on the concentrated source areas of coarse sediment and curb the inflow of coarse sediment into the Yellow River from the source. ② Adhere to the concept of a life community of mountains, forests, fields, lakes, grass, and sand, and explore a new system of soil and water conservation oriented towards coarse sediment. ③ Innovate a diversified investment, cross regional linkage, multi department collaboration, and multi professional integration mechanism to curb the inflow of coarse sediment into the Yellow River. ④ Strengthen the research on weathering erosion transport mechanism and key technologies for prevention and control of Pisha sandstone.