Evaluation of Loess Landslide Susceptibility Based on Optimised MaxEnt Model: A Case Study of Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province

Landslide disasters which occur frequently in the Loess Plateau, seriously endanger the safety of people's lives and property, and affect the construction of major projects. Accurate landslide susceptibility assessment is useful for efficiently and quickly landslide risk prediction, and can provide scientific backing for disaster prevention and reduction by identifying "where landslides are prone". Taking Wuqi County on the Loess Plateau as an example, we use the optimized MaxEnt model and 505 landslide points to evaluate the landslide susceptibility. Elevation, aspect, slope, terrain roughness, lithology, river buffer, rainfall, NDWI (surface humidity), road buffer, and InSAR surface deformation data, which was introduced as dynamic evaluation factors, were selected as influencing factors. The results show: In the MaxEnt model based on Enmeval packet adjustment, when 90% landslide points were randomly selected as the training set and 10% landslide points as the verification set, the model accuracy was the highest (AUC value was 0.855), and the simulation effect was accurate and reliable. InSAR surface deformation rate was introduced as a dynamic evaluation factor, and the model accuracy and evaluation results were both improved. In the study area, the area of high and relatively high susceptibility areas accounted for 10.27% and 6.33% of the total area respectively, and the landslide points in the high and relatively high prone areas accounted for 73.27% of the total landslide points, of which the high prone areas accounted for 48.11%. The evaluation results of landslide susceptibility were consistent with the distribution of landslide points, which proves that the evaluation works well. Elevation, slope and surface roughness contribute significantly to the simulation results, and are important factors affecting the landslide susceptibility.