ISSN 1009-6248CN 61-1149/P 双月刊

主管单位:中国地质调查局

主办单位:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心
中国地质学会

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    东秦岭黄水庵碳酸岩型Mo–REE矿床方解石地球化学特征和氟碳铈矿U–Th–Pb年龄及其意义

    Geochemical Characteristics of Calcite and Bastnäsite U–Th–Pb Age of the Huangshui’an Carbonatite–hosted Mo–REE Deposit, Eastern Qinling

    • 摘要: 黄水庵矿床位于华北克拉通南缘熊耳山矿集区,是东秦岭钼矿带典型的碳酸岩型Mo–REE矿床之一。黄水庵矿床的Mo–REE矿体主要产于碳酸岩中,碳酸岩呈脉状和隐爆角砾岩体侵入太华群。笔者通过碳酸岩方解石微量元素、C–O同位素以及氟碳铈矿U–Th–Pb年龄的研究,探讨了碳酸岩岩浆的来源、成岩成矿年龄和构造地质背景,对东秦岭地区的构造演化和成矿作用提供约束。方解石的微量元素具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,稀土配分模式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型(LREE/HREE=3.08~10.33)。方解石δ13 CV-PDB值为−4.11‰~−5.62‰、δ18OV-SMOW值为6.40‰~7.62‰,指示初始火成碳酸岩特征。氟碳铈矿U–Th–Pb定年的加权平均年龄为(213.5±2.9)Ma,代表了黄水庵REE矿化的时限。综合已有成岩成矿年龄和同位素研究结果,认为黄水庵矿床的成矿时代为晚三叠世,形成于秦岭造山带碰撞后的伸展背景。富Mo下地壳与富集地幔的部分熔融形成碳酸岩岩浆,其中地壳物质的再循环是形成碳酸岩型Mo–REE矿化的关键因素之一。

       

      Abstract: The Huangshui’an deposit, located in Xiong’ershan ore concentration area in the southern margin of the North China Craton, is one of the typical carbonatite–hosted Mo–REE deposit in the East Qinling Mo metallogenic belts. The Mo–REE ore bodies of the Huangshui’an deposit mainly are hosted in carbonatite which occur as veins and cryptoexplosive breccia intrusions in the Taihua Group. Based on the study of trace elements and C–O isotopic compostion of calcite, and bastnäsite U–Th–Pb dating, we discuss the origin of carbonatite, metallogenic age and tectonic setting, which provide constraints for tectonic evolution and mineralization in the East Qinling belt. The trace elements of calcite are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements and depletion of high field strength elements, and are enriched in LREE (LREE/HREE=3.08~10.33). The δ13 CV-PDB values of calcite ranging from −4.11‰ to −5.62‰ and δ18 OV-SMOW values ranging from 6.40‰ to 7.62‰ indicate the characteristics of primary mantle–derived carbonatite. The weighted average age of U–Th–Pb dating of bastnäsite is 213.5±2.9 Ma, representing the age of REE mineralization in the Huangshui'an deposit. Based on diagenetic and metallogenic age and available isotopic ages, we propose that the metallogenic age of the Huangshui’an deposit is Late Triassic. The Huangshui’an carbonatite–hosted deposit was formed in the post–collisional setting of the Qinling orogenic belt. The partial melting of Mo–fertile lower crust and enriched mantle formed the carbonatite magma, and the recycling of crustal material is one of the key factors for the formation of carbonatite–hosted Mo–REE mineralization.

       

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