Lithofacies Division and Type Evaluation of Shale Oil Reservoir in Fengcheng Formation of Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要:
准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油藏是继吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组页岩油藏之后的又一重大发现，风城组沉积期玛湖凹陷具有近陆源供给、火山活动频发、气候干旱炎热的特点，为独具特色的盐碱化湖泊沉积环境创造了条件，也是风城组岩性复杂多变的重要原因。火山岩、内源岩、陆源碎屑岩以及多源混积岩纵向频繁叠置，形成米级到厘米级页岩油储层。结合岩性变化特征，以构造样式作为突破口，厘米级尺度岩心观察为基础，高频沉积构造分析为辅助，利用亚离子抛光电镜、能谱测试、荧光分析等多种技术手段对准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层进行岩性岩相分析，认为玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层可划分为4大类（砂砾岩类、火山岩类、混积岩类与内源岩类）、8小类储层。4大类储层储集性能逐渐减弱，其中混积岩类储层因其构造与成分差异可进一步划分为混积页岩、纹层–似纹层状混积泥岩、树根状–网状混积泥岩、雪花–星点状混积泥岩；页理发育情况、云质含量以及其产出样式成为混积岩类储层储集物性差异的重要控制因素。
Abstract:Shale reservoir of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin is another important discovery after Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag. During the sedimentary period of Fengcheng Formation, Mahu sag is characterized by near–terrigenous source supply, frequent volcanic activity and arid and hot climate, which creates conditions for the unique saline and alkaline lake sedimentary environment and is also an important reason for the complex and changeable lithology of Fengcheng Formation. Volcanic rock, internal rock, terrigenous clastic rock and multi–source mixed rock are frequently stacked longitudinally, forming shale oil reservoirs of meter to centimeter size. Based on the characteristics of lithologic changes, the lithology and lithofacies of shale oil reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin were analyzed by means of sub-ion polishing electron microscopy, energy spectrum testing and fluorescence analysis, with the structural style as the breakthrough point, cm–scale core observation as the basis and high–frequency sedimentary structure analysis as the auxiliary. The shale oil reservoirs of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu sag can be divided into 4 types and 8 types. The reservoir properties of glutenite, volcanic rock, mixed rock and internal rock are gradually weakened. Due to the differences in structure and composition, the mixed mudstone reservoir can be divided into mixed shale, laminate–laminate–like mixed mudstone, root–reticular mixed mudstone, snowflake–star–point mixed mudstone. Foliation development, dolomite content and its occurrence pattern are the important controlling factors for the difference of reservoir of reservoir physical properties of mixed rock reservoirs.
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Keywords:
- Shale oil /
- Reservoir types /
- Fengcheng Formation /
- Lithofacies division /
- Mahu depression
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图 1 玛湖凹陷区域位置以及风城组综合柱状图
a.玛湖凹陷区域位置图；b.玛湖凹陷风城组分布厚度以及岩心观察井位分布图；c.玛页1井风城组综合柱状图
Figure 1. Location of Mahu depression and comprehensive histogram of Fengcheng Formation
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图 2 玛湖凹陷风城组不同类型储层分布特征图
a.不同类型泥级细粒混积岩总厚；b.砂岩类储层层厚频次特征；c.砂砾岩类储层平均层厚分布特征；数据均来源于玛页1井
Figure 2. Distribution characteristics of different types of reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag
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图 3 风城组火山岩与砂砾岩储层发育特征图
Figure 3. Characteristics of volcanic rock and conglomerate of Fengcheng Formation
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图 4 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层细粒混积岩内源矿物富集样式
a～b.树根状/网状细粒混积岩，内源矿物表现为网状富集，穿插沉积于基质泥岩中；c.纹层状细粒混积岩，内源矿物表现为纹层状产出特征，一般厚度大于0.3 mm；d.薄纹层状细粒混积岩，内源矿物纹层呈薄纹层状产出，厚度小于0.3 mm；e～f.雪花状细粒混积岩，内源矿物表现为孤立的点状、雪花/棉絮状
Figure 4. Endogenous mineral enrichment patterns of fine–grained mixed rock from shale oil reservoir in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag
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图 5 玛湖凹陷风城组细粒混积岩类岩性三角图
a.数据来源于玛页1井与风南井区混积岩；b.数据来源于玛页1井
Figure 5. Lithologic triangle diagram of fine–grained mixed rocks in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag
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图 6 玛湖凹陷风城组砂砾岩类储层物性对比图
a.风南14井区风城组粉砂岩；b.夏子街鼻凸风城组砂岩；c.玛页1井区风城组砂岩；d.克81井区风城组砂岩
Figure 6. Comparison of conglomerate reservoir properties in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Depression
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图 7 玛湖凹陷风城组不同类型储层高压压汞特征对比图
a.砂砾岩类与火山岩；b.混积泥岩类，包括纹层状、树根状、雪花状/点状；压汞数据均来源于玛页1井
Figure 7. Comparison of high–pressure mercury injection characteristics of different types of reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Depression
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图 8 玛湖凹陷风城组细粒混积岩储层物性与孔喉发育特征图
Figure 8. Physical properties and pore–throat characteristics of fine–grained mixed rock of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag
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图 9 玛湖凹陷风城组页岩油储层储集空间类型
a.粉细砂岩碎屑粒间孔，夏76井，3 646.6 m，亚离子抛光片；b.粉细砂岩碎屑粒间孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 875.3 m；c.细砂岩原生粒间孔，单偏光，克81井，4 307.6 m； d.白云石晶内溶孔，亚离子抛光片，风南14井，4 320.5 m；e.白云石晶内溶孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 839.3 m；f.白云石晶缘溶孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 802.2 m；g.长石类矿物溶孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 924.6 m，h.钾长石溶孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 928.7 m；i.钾长石溶孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 704.8 m；j.绿泥石晶间孔，亚离子抛光片，风南1井，4 326 m；k.绿泥石晶间孔，亚离子抛光片，风南14井，4 165.1 m；l.绿泥石与黄铁矿晶间孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 833.9 m；m～o.孤立纺锤状有机质孔，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 853.08 m，亚离子抛光；p.黏土碎屑粒缘缝，亚离子抛光片，玛页1井，4 862.1 m；q.微裂缝，亚离子抛光片，风南14井，4 167.5 m；r.微裂缝，亚离子抛光片，风南14井，4 166.5 m
Figure 9. Reservoir space types of shale oil reservoirs in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag
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图 10 玛湖凹陷风城组不同类型细粒混积岩特征
A1～A4. 薄纹层状白云质泥岩，玛页1井，4 860.18 m；B1～B4. 似纹层状云灰质泥岩，玛页1井，4 755.34 m；C1～C4. 树根状白云质泥岩，玛页1井，4 839.33 m；D1～D4. 雪花状云灰质泥岩，玛页井，4 833.9 m；E1～E4. 雪花状白云质泥岩，玛页1井，4 773.91 m；每种标本从左至右分别为岩心、单偏光、荧光、等离子质谱扫描
Figure 10. Characteristics of different types of fine–grained mixed rocks in Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag
表 1 玛湖凹陷风城组岩心描述主要参数表
Table 1 Main parameters of core description of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag
岩性类型 颜色 层厚 构造 特征矿物
类型特征矿物
富集形式裂缝发育
情况岩心
含油性可见孔
隙类型砂-砾岩 含云泥质粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩 浅灰白色、银灰色、灰色、浅绿
灰色纹层、薄层、中层、厚层、巨厚层 块状、平行层理、粒序层理、透镜状层理 黄铁矿 结核状 近垂直裂缝、近水平裂缝、缝合线 富含油、油浸、油斑、油迹 裂缝、矿物溶孔 云质粉砂岩、粉砂岩 泥质粉细砂岩、粉细砂岩、泥质细砂岩、细砂岩 含泥砾粉砂岩 钙质中细砂岩、中细砂岩 中粗砂岩、粗砂岩、含砾粗砂岩、砂质细砾岩、细砾岩 火山岩 安山岩、
熔结凝灰岩浅绿灰色、浅灰褐色 厚层、
巨厚层块状、角砾状、包卷状 浊沸石、
石英气孔充填 近垂直裂缝、近水平裂缝、缝合线 富含油、油浸、油斑、油迹 裂缝、气孔 云岩 灰质云岩、
泥质云岩浅灰色 薄层、纹层 透镜状 泥级细粒混积岩 云质泥岩/页岩 黑色、黑灰色、深灰
色、浅灰色纹层、薄
层、中层页理、透镜状层理、水平层理、沙纹层理 燧石、钙质矿物、硅硼钙质矿物、石膏 纹层–似纹层状、 树根状–网状 、 雪花–星点状 页理缝、近水平裂缝、缝合线 油浸 、油斑 、油迹 矿物溶孔、晶间孔、裂缝 含云粉砂质泥岩/页岩 粉砂质泥岩/页岩 含云泥岩/页岩 
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表 2 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组储层类型表
Table 2 Shale oil reservoir types of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
储层类型 大类 小类 亚类 种 分布层位 Ⅰ类 砂砾岩类 砾岩 巨厚（＞1.0 m） 细砾岩
砂质细砾岩风城组一段 厚层（1.0～0.3 m） 中层（0.3～0.1 m） 薄层（＜0.1 m） 砂岩 巨厚（＞1.0 m） 含砾粗砂岩
中粗砂岩
细砂岩
粉细砂岩
钙/云质中细砂岩
泥质粉细砂岩风城组三段
风城组二段
风城组一段厚层（1.0～0.3 m） 中层（0.3～0.1 m） 薄层（＜0.1 m） 粉砂岩 厚层（1.0～0.3 m） 云质粉砂岩
含云泥质粉砂岩风城组三段
风城组二段
风城组一段中层（0.3～0.1 m） 薄层（＜0.1 m） Ⅱ类 火山岩类 安山岩 巨厚（＞1.0 m） 玄武质安山岩 风城组一段 凝灰岩 巨厚（＞1.0 m） 熔结凝灰岩 Ⅲ类 混积岩类 页岩 无纹层 黏土质泥/页岩
云质泥/页岩
云质/粉砂质泥/页岩
含云粉砂质泥/页岩
含膏云质泥/页岩风城组三段
风城组二段纹层状/似纹层状 泥岩 纹层/似纹层状 风城组三段
风城组二段
风城组一段树根状 雪花状/星点状 Ⅳ类 内源岩类 白云岩
蒸发岩薄层（＜0.1 m） 砂屑白云岩、泥质白云岩、灰质白云岩
碳钠钙石岩、
苏打石岩风城组三段
风城组二段
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表 3 细粒混积岩类页岩油储层类型物性特征对比表
Table 3 Properties of mixed rock reservoirs
混积岩储层类型 构造特征 平均有效孔隙度（%） 平均自由流体孔（%） 平均总孔隙度（%） 平均脆性 样品数（个） Ⅲ1类 页理发育 3.93 1.77 6.39 4.62 137 Ⅲ2类 纹层–似纹层状 3.04 1.38 4.93 5.15 518 硅硼钙纹层富集 3.28 1.32 5.88 4.31 147 Ⅲ3类 树根状/网状 2.92 1.27 5.33 4.54 53 Ⅲ4类 星点状 2.32 1.16 5.35 4.33 54 雪花状 2.64 0.95 5.51 4.17 234
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