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东昆仑巴什尔希晚奥陶世二长花岗岩成因及其地质意义

田龙, 康磊, 刘良, 盖永升

田龙, 康磊, 刘良, 等. 东昆仑巴什尔希晚奥陶世二长花岗岩成因及其地质意义[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56(2): 28-45. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2022028
引用本文: 田龙, 康磊, 刘良, 等. 东昆仑巴什尔希晚奥陶世二长花岗岩成因及其地质意义[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56(2): 28-45. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2022028
TIAN Long, KANG Lei, LIU Liang, et al. Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of Bashenerxi Monzogranite from East Kunlun Orogen Belt[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2023, 56(2): 28-45. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2022028
Citation: TIAN Long, KANG Lei, LIU Liang, et al. Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of Bashenerxi Monzogranite from East Kunlun Orogen Belt[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2023, 56(2): 28-45. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2022028

东昆仑巴什尔希晚奥陶世二长花岗岩成因及其地质意义

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“南阿尔金两期埃达克岩成因及其对洋–陆俯冲转换过程的指示意义”(41602052),大陆动力学国家重点实验室自主研究课题“南阿尔金吐拉地区镁铁–超镁铁质岩浆作用成因”联合资助。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    田龙(1992−),男,硕士研究生,矿物学、岩石学、矿床学专业。E–mail:1006018753@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    康磊(1987−),男,博士,讲师,从事岩石大地构造学与成因矿物学研究。E–mail: kanglei@nwu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P581

Petrogenesis and Geological Implications of Bashenerxi Monzogranite from East Kunlun Orogen Belt

  • 摘要:

    巴什尔希花岗杂岩体侵位于东昆仑北部与南阿尔金造山带的结合部位。角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩均采自巴什尔希岩体中细粒状似斑状二长花岗岩单元。锆石LA–ICP–MS年代学研究显示其成岩年龄分别为(452.8±3.1) Ma和(454.2±4.8) Ma,后者还获得了一组残留核年龄为(758 ± 15) Ma。样品具有高SiO2含量(71.97%~73.49%和73.28%~74.12%)和高K2O含量(4.80% ~ 5.61%和5.57%~5.79%)的特点,Na2O含量分别为3.01%~3.13%和2.83%~2.91%, CaO含量低,A/CNK 均为1.02~1.07,属于弱过铝质系列花岗岩。稀土配分模式呈 “海鸥型”分布,LREE/HREE值分别为17.80~26.06和9.09~11.79,轻重稀土分馏程度较高,δEu值为 0.31~0.44,中等负Eu异常;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U、Pb,亏损高场强元素 Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、P、Ti。样品均具有高Si、富碱、相对贫Na、高K、低Ca的岩石地球化学特征。锆石的εHft)值为0.86~−8.65,绝大多数为负值,tDM2值为1280~1734 Ma,指示源岩物质源于古中元古代地壳物质。岩浆起源温度均为~800 ℃,熔融压力为0.8~1.0 GPa,表明可能形成于碰撞造山后的初始伸展阶段。通过与南阿尔金以及东昆仑北缘祁漫塔格地区早古生代地质演化历史对比,认为该杂岩体的形成时代、岩浆序列和构造背景与南阿尔金构造域更具亲缘性。

    Abstract:

    The Bashenerxi granitic complex intruded at the junction of East Kunlun and South Altyn orogenic belt. In this paper, the hornblende monzogranite and the gray monzonitic granite are both derived from the porphyritic monzogranite unit in the Bashenerxi intrusion. Zircon LA–ICP–MS geochronology shows that the diagenetic ages are (452.8±3.1) Ma and (454.2±4.8) Ma, respectively. A group of age (758±15) Ma is concentrated in the core of zircon. The content of SiO2 is between 71.97% and 74.12%, A/CNK =1.02~1.07, K2O = 4.80%~5.79%, and Na2O =2.83%~3.13%, which belongs to high–silica, high–potassium and peraluminous granites. The distribution pattern of rare earth elements is characterized by “gull type” distribution with strong negative europium anomaly (δEu=0. 31~0.44), enrichment of large ion lithophile elements Rb, K, U, Pb and high field strength elements Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and loss of Sr, P, Ti. Zirconium saturation thermometer show that the magma origin temperature was about 800 ℃, and the melting pressure was about 0.8~1.0 GPa. The samples are characterized by peraluminous, alkali rich, relatively poor in sodium, high in potassium and low in calcium. and they are strongly depleted in Ba, Sr, Ti, P and Eu, according this characterized, rock was judged to be S–type granite. The epsilon εHft)value of the rocks is 0.86~−8.65. The age of the two–stage Hf model (tDM2) = 1280~1784 Ma, mainly derived from the Paleo–Mesoproterozoic accretive crust. Based on the regional tectonic evolution and tectonic discrimination, it is considered that the rocks were formed after the Altyn deep subduction continental crust plate was broken off, and the regional tectonic background changed from compression to extension.

  • 东昆仑造山带地处于青藏高原北部,北部与柴达木盆地相接,其西端被阿尔金大型左行走滑断裂所截,东西延伸约1 500 km。带内广泛分布元古宙到晚中生代的花岗质岩石,大致展布方向为北西西–南东东向(袁万明等,2000)。近年来,随着一批区域地质调查工作的开展,众多学者对东昆仑造山带不同时代的花岗岩类进行了大量研究。东昆仑造山带内的花岗质岩石被前人划分为4个阶段,并分别对应4个构造旋回:①基底形成(前寒武世)。②洋盆扩张、俯冲、碰撞造山阶段(早寒武世—中泥盆世),造山后崩塌阶段(晚泥盆世)。③洋盆打开(晚泥盆世—早石炭世),俯冲造山时期(中晚二叠世—早三叠世),碰撞到后碰撞陆内造山阶段(晚三叠世),进入后造山垮塌阶段(晚侏罗世)。④受新特提斯构造影响强烈隆升阶段(晚中生代—新生代)(莫宣学等,2007)。其中,以早古生代及晚古生代—早中生代的岩浆活动最为发育。早古生代花岗岩多呈大型线状复式岩基产出于东昆仑北部祁漫塔格山一带,其年龄为485~384 Ma(高晓峰等,2010黎敦朋等,2010高永宝等,2011孟繁聪,2013熊富浩,2014张斌等,2014)。

    东昆仑早古生代巴什尔希花岗杂岩体,北邻南阿尔金造山带,南部与东昆仑西北部祁漫塔格构造带相接。前人对该岩体已有部分研究,但关于其形成时代、构造背景及构造归属仍存在不同认识:①高晓峰等(2010)研究中给出了巴什尔希柯可·卡尔德岩体似斑状二长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄为(458±9) Ma,钾长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄为(432±1) Ma,认为其具有A型花岗岩的特征,可能是弧后盆地拉张过程中地幔底侵的产物。②包亚范等(2008)研究认为,巴什尔希花岗岩为S型花岗岩,其形成于板内造山带或陆缘环境。③黎敦朋等(2010)认为巴什尔希花岗岩的构造环境属性可能并不属于祁漫塔格构造域。针对上述分歧,笔者拟以巴什尔希似斑状二长花岗岩为研究对象,通过详细的岩相学、地球化学、年代学及锆石Hf同位素分析等工作,在此基础上,与区内前人研究成果进行对比研究,以期为巴什尔希花岗杂岩体的形成时代、原岩属性及构造背景进行约束,并为进一步探讨东昆仑造山带北缘的构造演化过程提供依据。

    巴什尔希岩体分布于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格西翼与南阿尔金的接合部位(图1),其北为南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带,以南为东昆仑祁漫塔格造山带。南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带是一条早古生代形成的板块缝合带,主要出露与陆壳深俯冲相关的超高压变质岩、中酸性花岗岩和蛇绿混杂岩等(张建新等,2001刘良等,200320072009)。此外,阿尔金南缘主断裂是一条长期活动的巨型左行走滑构造带,其新生代构造活动形成了一系列拉分盆地(车自成等,1998)。东昆仑祁漫塔格造山带主要出露的地层为长城系金水口岩群的小庙岩组、青白口系冰沟岩群、古生界祁漫塔格群和志留系白干湖组,在古生代至中生代经历了强烈的岩浆活动。巴什尔希岩体以形态和规模不等的岩基或岩墙侵入于长城系金水口岩群小庙岩组和蓟县系至青白口系冰沟岩群中,主要的岩石组合由钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩组成。

    图  1  东昆仑巴什尔希区域地质图(据黎敦朋,2010修编)
    Figure  1.  Geological map of the Bashenerxi region of the East Kunlun Mountains

    文中的角闪二长花岗岩(13A-18)和灰色二长花岗岩均采自巴什尔希岩体中细粒状似斑状二长花岗岩单元(图1),二者均呈岩株状侵入金水口岩群小庙岩组。角闪二长花岗岩(图2a图2c)主要矿物组成为石英、斜长石、钾长石、角闪石和黑云母,副矿物有磷灰石、锆石和少量电气石,其中斜长石与钾长石含量均为30%~40%,自行–半自形,斜长石有双晶发育;石英含量约为25%~30%,可见波状消光,他形粒状;角闪石含量为5%~10%,分布于斜长石和石英颗粒间,半自形结构;黑云母含量不足5%。灰色二长花岗岩(图2b图2d),主要矿物组合石英、斜长石、钾长石和少量黑云母,副矿物有锆石和磷灰石。斜长石钾长石含量均为30%~35%,半自形粒状结构;石英含量约为25%~30%,他形结构;黑云母含量约为10%,自形程度较差。

    图  2  东昆仑巴什尔希角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩野外露头和显微镜岩石学照片
    a.角闪二长花岗岩;b.灰色二长花岗岩;c.角闪二长花岗岩正交镜下照片;d.灰色二长花岗岩正交镜下照片;Amp.角闪石;Bi.黑云母;Kfs.钾长石;Pl.斜长石;Qz.石英;Tur.电气石
    Figure  2.  Field outcrops and petrographic microscopic photographs of granite

    文中样品委托河北廊坊诚信地质服务有限公司进行锆石的分离和挑选等工作,其他测试分析工作在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室完成。全岩主量元素分析在XRF(Rugaku RIX2100)仪上测定,全岩微量元素分析和稀土元素测试在Perkin Elnmer公司Elan6100 DRC型ICP–MS上完成,标样使用BHVO–1、BCR–2和AVG–1进行监控。阴极发光(CL)分析在装有Mono CL3+阴极发光装置系统的场发射扫描电镜上完成,而U–Pb年龄测定及微量元素分析Agilient 7500a型ICP–MS上进行,连接Geolas 200 M激光剥蚀系统,测试中使用直径为32 μm激光剥蚀斑束进行刻蚀,剥蚀深度为20 μm,在测定时每5个测点测定一次91500、GJ–1和NIST 610,数据处理使用ICPMS Data Cal 8.9程序(Liu et al.,2010),年龄计算以标准锆石91500为外标进行同位素比值分馏校正,元素浓度矫正以NIST610为外标,29Si为内标,年龄谐和图和加权平均年龄计算绘制和计算均采用Isoplot(ver3.0)。锆石微区原位Lu–Hf同位素分析使用Nu Plasma Ⅱ MC–ICP MS激光剥蚀系统为 RESOlutionM–50,ASI,监控样品采用GJ–1和91500标准锆石样品,每8个样品插入一组国际标样,数据采集模式为TRA模式,积分时间为0.2 s,背景采集时间为30 s,样品积分时间为50 s,吹扫时间为40 s,分析方法和仪器参数详见Yuan 等(2008)

    角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩SiO2含量均较高,分别为71.97%~73.49%和73.28%~74.12%;K2O含量分别为4.80%~5.61%和5.57%~5.79%,均高于Na2O含量(3.01%~3.13%和2.83%~2.91%),里特曼指数σ均为2.04~2.75,K2O/Na2O值分别为1.55~1.76和1.92~2.05(表1)。在SiO2–K2O关系图中可以看出,角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩落点集中在高钾钙碱性岩系列(图3a),二者均具有富Al特征(Al2O3含量为13.06%~17.20%,平均为13.79%),在A/CNK–A/NK关系图中显示为弱过铝质(图3b);Mg、Ti和Ca含量较低(MgO、TiO2、CaO含量分别为0.28%~0.38%、0.18%~0.33%和0.92%~1.24%),侵入岩TAS分类图如下(图3c)。因此,角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩均具有过Al、富碱、相对贫Na、高K、低Ca的岩石地球化学特征。

    表  1  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩地球化学组成(主量元素:%;微量元素:10−6
    Table  1.  Element compositions of granite (Major element: %; Trace element: 10−6)
    元素13A-18(a)13A-18(b)13A-18(c)13A-18(d)13A-18(e)13A-18(g)13A-19(a)13A-19(b)13A-19(c)13A-19(d)13A-19(e)13A-19(f)
    SiO272.0973.4973.2271.9772.6772.3173.6774.1273.4973.8473.2873.83
    TiO20.260.290.240.320.310.330.190.200.200.200.190.18
    Al2O313.9813.0913.5113.7613.5513.4813.6113.5313.6413.6113.6513.48
    Fe2O3t2.012.141.742.362.452.211.571.541.531.561.551.51
    MnO0.040.050.030.040.050.040.020.030.030.030.030.03
    MgO0.340.360.290.420.380.380.300.310.280.300.310.28
    CaO1.181.170.921.211.241.210.991.111.171.171.081.06
    Na2O3.133.103.013.043.063.082.912.902.862.902.892.83
    K2O5.514.805.615.195.385.455.755.575.645.605.605.79
    P2O50.080.080.080.100.100.100.070.070.060.070.070.07
    LOI1.071.190.921.100.871.020.880.940.820.930.910.94
    TOTAL99.6999.7699.5799.51100.199.6199.96100.399.72100.299.56100.0
    Li31.228.626.333.137.624.641.847.645.642.244.443.9
    Be4.534.844.104.694.234.892.994.103.383.953.633.45
    Sc3.383.672.693.545.543.423.143.212.892.933.202.84
    V12.913.39.6516.014.113.78.468.098.228.088.157.71
    Cr6.525.636.824.124.334.555.647.207.003.495.003.19
    Co19.232.233.220.224.535.932.336.233.434.835.926.4
    Ni2.333.694.052.382.592.884.934.324.112.393.292.06
    Cu1.562.211.542.534.101.811.411.101.161.031.001.01
    Zn32.738.429.638.043.537.829.333.431.335.731.929.8
    Ga20.820.019.421.521.120.318.619.418.819.018.718.2
    Ge1.571.361.481.521.541.441.531.621.601.611.531.57
    Rb203183187178206208235214224198223240
    Sr80.773.975.983.979.679.586.177.578.679.580.276.0
    Y27.631.320.225.126.823.936.038.333.034.129.733.0
    Zr231230190284239252171172171169171164
    Nb27.630.023.934.633.238.127.230.529.431.329.530.4
    Cs2.752.461.722.573.481.544.834.096.473.615.173.57
    Ba478313393412385424393361384373402370
    La56.465.751.265.065.164.650.450.754.156.860.450.7
    Ce11012910112612812296.998.210410611498.4
    Pr12.414.611.414.514.814.211.111.211.812.113.011.0
    Nd42.151.238.450.151.248.637.938.540.842.245.938.7
    Sm7.308.706.548.949.398.277.607.868.158.248.777.69
    Eu0.950.880.881.000.940.970.770.770.810.800.830.76
    Gd6.007.015.257.137.486.836.756.987.027.227.346.78
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    续表1
    元素13A-18(a)13A-18(b)13A-18(c)13A-18(d)13A-18(e)13A-18(g)13A-19(a)13A-19(b)13A-19(c)13A-19(d)13A-19(e)13A-19(f)
    Tb0.831.000.680.910.980.911.031.071.011.021.030.97
    Dy4.675.533.624.725.134.675.896.175.605.675.475.43
    Ho0.851.040.640.820.880.791.121.161.031.050.981.02
    Er2.492.971.822.252.372.143.143.332.822.922.652.88
    Tm0.370.420.250.300.320.300.460.490.420.420.380.42
    Yb2.272.521.541.791.971.882.963.152.662.722.422.72
    Lu0.310.340.230.260.270.280.420.450.390.390.350.38
    Hf5.545.794.816.765.726.124.614.634.734.564.814.45
    Ta2.322.231.431.841.872.371.872.522.232.792.242.61
    Pb22.718.917.619.019.418.127.127.629.230.232.629.8
    Th23.329.624.827.326.326.829.634.133.734.734.933.3
    U1.672.091.431.341.861.512.142.902.262.417.962.22
    ΣREE230270209266270258226230241247264228
    LREE17.8020.8314.0318.1719.4217.80204.6207.3219.7225.9243.1207.2
    HREE12.9012.9814.9014.6213.9014.5221.7822.8020.9521.4120.6320.61
    LREE/HREE17.8018.6923.8626.0623.6624.699.409.0910.4910.5511.7910.05
    LaN/YbN0.440.350.460.380.340.4012.1911.5614.5714.9617.8913.37
    δEu0.430.330.440.370.330.390.320.310.320.310.310.32
    δCe0.980.980.980.970.970.940.960.970.970.940.950.97
    δ2.572.052.462.342.402.482.452.312.372.342.382.41
    Al2O3/TiO253.7745.1456.2943.0043.7140.8571.6367.6568.2068.0571.8474.89
    CaO/Na2O0.380.380.310.400.410.390.340.380.410.400.370.37
    K2O/Na2O1.761.551.861.711.761.771.981.921.971.931.942.05
    Rb/Ba0.420.580.480.430.530.490.600.590.580.530.560.65
    Sr/Ba0.170.240.190.200.210.190.220.210.200.210.200.21
    A/CNK1.051.051.061.071.031.021.061.061.051.051.071.05
     注: A/CNK = Al2O3 / (CaO + K2O + Na2O); δ =(K2O+Na2O)2 / (SiO2 -43); δEu = EuN / (SmN+GdN)1/2, δCe = CeN / (LaN + PrN)1/2;原始地幔值据Sun et al.,1989
    下载: 导出CSV 
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    图  3  东昆仑地区巴什尔希花岗岩岩石类型判别图解
    a. SiO2–K2O图解(Rickwood,1989);b. A/CNK–A/NK分类图解(Peccerillo et al.,1976);c.TAS图解(Middlemost,1994
    Figure  3.  Classification diagram of Bashenerxi granites from the eastern Kunlun area

    角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的LREE/HREE值分别为17.80~26.06和9.09~11.79;(La/Yb)N值为10.79~26.06,(La/Sm)N值为1.62~3.20,均表现出轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土相对亏损的特征,轻重稀土分馏程度较高;存在Eu元素“V”型谷,δEu值为0.31~0.44;稀土配分模式(图4a)显示,样品稀土元素具有相对一致的变化趋势,总体表现为“右倾海鸥型”配分模式。

    图  4  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩稀土模式图(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)(原始地幔值据Sun et al.,1989
    Figure  4.  (a) Patterns of rare earth elements and (b) spider webs of trace elements in granite

    2个样品均富集K、Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素(HSFEs);Zr和Hf无明显分异;Nb和Ta的相对亏损可能暗示岩浆来源于地壳的重熔作用,或是经历了Nb、Ta矿物的结晶分异作用;P、Ti异常可能与磷灰石、钛铁氧化物的分离结晶有关(图4b)。

    角闪二长花岗岩中的锆石形态为自形–半自形,CL图像显示,锆石颗粒有明显的震荡环带,大多数长宽比接近1∶1.5~1∶2,无继承核(图5);13个锆石测点206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(452.8 ± 3.1)Ma;Th/U值分别为0.51~1.23,平均为0.80。灰色二长花岗岩中锆石形态为自形–半自形,CL图像显示锆石亦有较为清晰的震荡环带,长宽比约为1∶1.5,20个锆石测点获得(454.2±4.8)Ma和(758±15)Ma 2组年龄,前者的测点Th/U值为0.46~0.90,平均为0.52;后者的测点Th/U值为0.16~2.61,平均为0.71,测试结果见图6表2。据以上锆石CL图像和Th/U值可判断可以确定角闪二长花岗岩与灰色二长花岗岩中的锆石为岩浆成因(Corfu et al.,2003Hoskin et al.,2003),其年龄可以代表岩浆的结晶年龄。因此认为,角闪二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为(452.8±3.1) Ma,灰色二长花岗岩的成岩年龄为(454.2±4.8)Ma,其获得的一组(758 ± 15)Ma为残留核年龄。

    图  5  样品代表性锆石CL图像及U/Pb年龄
    Figure  5.  CL image of representative zircon samples
    图  6  花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄谐和图
    a、b、d.灰色二长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄谐和图及加权平均年龄;c.角闪二长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄谐和图及加权平均年龄
    Figure  6.  U–Pb diagrams of concordia and weighted mean ages for zircons
    表  2  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的锆石LA–ICP–MS定年分析表
    Table  2.  Table of dating analysis of granite zircon LA–ICP–MS
    样品编号含量( 10−6)Th / U同位素比值年龄值(Ma)
    232Th238U207Pb / 206Pb207Pb / 235U206Pb /238U207Pb /206Pb207Pb /235U206Pb /238U
    13A-18-012153610.59730.05790.00270.57590.02690.07200.0012528104462174487
    13A-18-025564541.22540.05890.00250.58420.02360.07190.000956591467154486
    13A-18-032933690.79410.05780.00320.58480.03000.07370.0010520120468194586
    13A-18-044555260.86480.05550.00360.56300.03660.07320.0011435143453244556
    13A-18-053333820.87130.05680.00280.57060.02750.07300.0011483109458184546
    13A-18-062605100.50910.05540.00250.56240.02450.07350.001042898453164576
    13A-18-073553870.91650.05610.00310.56400.03050.07270.0012457120454204527
    13A-18-081933170.61060.05530.00400.55900.04180.07310.00174331614512745510
    13A-18-093864700.82170.05480.00430.55220.04620.07230.0011406178446304506
    13A-18-101693090.54580.05670.00420.56500.04150.07230.00164801614552745010
    13A-18-115365850.91770.05710.00320.57160.03300.07200.0012494124459214487
    13A-18-124314910.87880.05470.00290.55800.02930.07350.0010398120450194576
    13A-18-134274730.90290.05670.00510.56770.04820.07260.0010480166457314526
    13A-19-01351740.19970.06590.00481.15620.07930.12830.001912001527803777818
    13A-19-02891930.46280.06520.00461.13820.07930.12630.00327811477723876712
    13A-19-031684810.34960.06620.00371.17360.06530.12830.00218131147883177813
    13A-19-047002682.61310.06260.00381.09430.06590.12650.00236941277513276810
    13A-19-053086680.46090.06370.00411.03510.06620.11720.00177311377213371510
    13A-19-061141270.89760.05710.00550.57080.05270.07270.00124941814593445311
    13A-19-071526320.24000.05620.00350.56560.03210.07340.0023457137455214567
    13A-19-0868314740.46370.06760.00411.15810.07590.12300.00268571247813674813
    13A-19-09101921.10820.06360.00511.14020.08910.13090.00147281697734279315
    13A-19-103833491.09750.06640.00341.14320.06170.12410.00228201077742975413
    13A-19-11211250.16460.06320.00661.04190.11280.11960.00397222227255672823
    13A-19-125295820.90770.05650.00300.56170.03030.07190.0011472117453204487
    13A-19-1366911390.58710.05490.00370.56100.03830.07390.0012406150452254597
    13A-19-142664530.58730.06270.00281.06070.04820.12280.0019698967342474611
    13A-19-1544760.58090.06840.00511.18810.08180.12890.00278801567953878216
    13A-19-16861850.46550.06310.00511.10770.08530.12790.00237221727574177613
    13A-19-1728820280.14200.05980.00230.59610.02290.07250.001159483475154517
    13A-19-1833832090.10540.05690.00260.57410.02500.07330.0010487102461164566
    13A-19-194665610.83040.05610.00330.57120.03600.07370.0015457131459234589
    13A-19-202294970.46070.05550.00320.55770.03130.07330.0011435132450204567
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    在角闪二长花岗岩中挑选了13个U–Pb年龄约为460 Ma的锆石点位,进行原位Lu–Hf同位素分析;在灰色二长花岗岩中对U–Pb年龄约760 Ma和460 Ma分别挑选了11个和12个锆石点位进行分析。2组岩石176Lu/177Hf值为0.000278~0.003492,绝大多数小于0.002,表明放射成因Hf累积较少,而176Hf/177Hf值为0.2823~0.2826,基本可以代表锆石结晶时体系的Hf同位素组成(表3)(第五春荣等,2008)。角闪二长花岗岩176Hf/177Hf 值为0.282342~0.282483;εHft)值为−0.88~−5.89,平均为−2.78;灰色二长花岗岩中,U–Pb年龄约为450 Ma的测点176Hf/177Hf值为0.282150~0.282440;εHft)值为−2.16~−8.65,平均为−9.71;U–Pb年龄约760 Ma的测点176Hf/177Hf值为0.282178~0.282373,εHft)值为0.86~−5.61,暗示两花岗岩岩体的源岩来源于陆壳物质(表3图7)。角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的tDM2 值分别为1280~1533和1333~1784。花岗岩中锆石的二阶段Hf模式年龄并不能代表花岗岩和其源岩形成时代,而是代表源岩地壳物质从亏损地幔库脱离的年龄(吴福元等,2007),表明角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩源岩物质从地幔库中脱离的时代为古元古代—中元古代。

    表  3  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩中锆石的Hf同位素分析结果
    Table  3.  Hf isotope analysis of zircons in granite
    样品
    编号
    176Yb/177Hf176Lu/177Hf176Hf/177HfεHft2stDM Hf (Ma)tDM2(Ma)
    13A-18-010.050.0017620.282483−0.881.6211321514
    13A-18-020.050.0015830.282457−1.751.4311611566
    13A-18-030.050.0012940.282421−2.721.412001630
    13A-18-040.060.0016250.282473−1.061.4811421529
    13A-18-050.060.0016090.282407−3.411.3312351676
    13A-18-060.040.0013600.282447−1.872.1211671576
    13A-18-070.040.0011880.282443−2.031.2411641580
    13A-18-080.050.0016200.282454−1.721.911671570
    13A-18-090.050.0015470.282414−3.232.0212221661
    13A-18-100.060.0018120.282399−3.852.212551704
    13A-18-110.060.0019010.282344−5.861.9313381831
    13A-18-120.060.0018710.282342−5.722.0513401829
    13A-18-130.040.0012990.282444−2.071.5311691584
    13A-19-010.020.0006070.2823190.861.5013031459
    13A-19-020.030.0006940.2823381.221.3712801431
    13A-19-030.080.0022550.282307−0.441.9813801525
    13A-19-040.030.0009280.2823371.111.3112891438
    13A-19-050.070.0021910.282206−5.291.6915221718
    13A-19-060.050.0013400.282424−2.681.2811811378
    13A-19-070.140.0034920.282289−2.331.8414551596
    13A-19-080.010.0002780.2823823.571.2012061333
    13A-19-090.070.0022190.282266−8.653.7014371676
    13A-19-100.060.0019770.282373−4.463.0412741477
    13A-19-110.050.0016910.282178−5.221.7515421747
    13A-19-120.020.0005360.282231−3.311.3314221630
    13A-19-130.050.0015910.282407−3.531.3812131415
    13A-19-140.030.0008220.282374−4.041.5912341457
    13A-19-150.060.0015580.282331−5.951.2113191547
    13A-19-160.080.0020470.2823671.121.9012861420
    13A-19-170.040.0011040.282280−0.721.6513751542
    13A-19-180.050.0014220.282150−5.612.1415701784
    13A-19-190.050.0015260.282291−7.531.3513751620
    13A-19-200.060.0016550.282383−4.231.2512491457
    13A-19-210.050.0014650.282440−2.160.9211621352
    13A-19-220.070.0019840.282297−7.321.7013841615
    13A-19-230.040.0011860.282341−5.561.1512921524
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    图  7  锆石的εHf(t)–t图解
    Figure  7.  εHf(t)–t diagram for zircon

    东昆仑巴什尔希角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩弱的过铝质(A/CNK略小于1.1),略高的10000 Ga/Al值以及富集Rb、K、U、Pb,亏损Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、P、Ti等地球化学性质可能为弱分异作用的结果(Eby,1990)。在TFeO/MgO–SiO2图解(图8a)中,绝大多数样品落入“I&S”区域。另外,P2O5的含量随SiO2增大无变化(Wolf et al.,1994),Rb/Sr值为2.12~3.16,平均为2.63(大于0.9),有别于I性花岗岩(王德滋,1993),表现为 S型花岗岩地球化学特征(图8b)。

    图  8  花岗岩类型判别图解
    Figure  8.  Granite type discrimination diagram

    一般认为S型花岗岩的源区主要为变质沉积岩(泥质岩、砂岩或杂砂岩)(Chappell et al. ,1992Harris et al.,1992Williamson et al.,1996Sylvester,1998),如强烈富铝和富钾质花岗岩可以由K2O含量较高(平均为5.49%)的泥砂质沉积岩类部分熔融形成(Johannes et al.,1996)。在过铝质花岗岩中(SiO2含量为67%~77%),源区成分特征也可以由CaO/Na2O值来反映(Sylvester,1998)。如CaO/Na2O值一般小于0.3的过铝质花岗岩,一般被认为是泥岩部分熔融形成,而CaO/Na2O值大于0.3的过铝质花岗岩一般被认为是由砂屑岩部分熔融形成。而巴什尔希角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩具有高钾的特点,同时CaO/Na2O值为0.31~0.41>0.3。在Rb/Sr–Rb/Ba图解中(图9a),样品落在砂质岩和泥质岩之间的区域;在CaO/(MgO+FeOt)–Al2O3/(MgO+FeOt) 图解中(图9b),样品投在变泥质岩与变质杂砂岩之间的部分熔融起源的岩浆区域。此外,2个样品的锆石εHf同位素值(t ≈ 450 Ma)均为负值(−0.88~−5.89和−2.16~−8.65),并且稀土元素和微量元素配分具有与上地壳相对一致的特征(图4),暗示岩浆岩起源于上地壳。综合分析,笔者认为岩浆源岩可能起源于泥砂质沉积岩类。

    图  9  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩源区判别图
    底图a据Sylvester,1998; 底图b据Altherr et al.,2000
    Figure  9.  Source region discrimination diagrams of Bashierxi granites from the eastern Kunlun area

    花岗岩在上升就位时,一般为绝热上升的,所以岩浆早期结晶的温度可以近似代表岩浆起源时最低温度(吴福元等,2007)。对于岩浆早期结晶温度的计算,目前常用的方法是全岩锆饱和温度计和锆石钛温度计(Watson et al.,1983Ferry et al.,2007)2种方法。但文中样品未见与锆石共生金红石,故采用全岩锆饱和温度计。角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的锆饱和温度计得出的温度范围分别为776 ~816 ℃、753 ~817 ℃(表4),结果基本一致,可近似地认为岩浆起源温度约为800 ℃。

    表  4  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗的温度计计算结果
    Table  4.  Values for admellite by zircon saturation thermometer
    样品编号锆饱和温度计
    M(×10-6DzrTZr(℃)
    13A-18a1.742147.16793
    13A-18b1.712159.33794
    13A-18c1.742605.78776
    13A-18d1.691744.33816
    13A-18e1.742077.57796
    13A-18f1.761969.10799
    13A-19a1.342893.36796
    13A-19b1.352877.50796
    13A-19c1.362897.50795
    13A-19d1.362928.57794
    13A-19e1.342899.91796
    13A-19f1.363030.87791
     注:TZr(℃) = 12900 / (InDZr + 0.85M + 2.95)-273.15,DZr近似为496000/全岩锆含量,M=(2Ca+K+Na)/(Si×Al),令Si+Al+Fe+ Mg+Ca+Na+K+P=1,均为原子数分数(Watson et al.,1983)。
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    花岗岩大上升就位过程中压力变化较大,所以就位时的压力不能有效限定,但是花岗岩起源的压力条件,可以通过源岩部分熔融过程中残留相特征来估计。大量研究表明,岩石地球化学特征与残留矿物之间密切相关(Castillo,2006),如高Sr(>300 × 10−6)、高Sr/Y(>20)、低Yb(<1.9 × 10−6)和高La/Yb(>20)表明源区中基本无斜长石残留;低Y(<15 × 10−6)、高Sr/Y(>20)、低Yb(<1.9×10−6)和高La/Yb(>20)则表明源区残留相中有石榴子石。文中2个岩石样品均具有低Sr(64.6×10−6~86.1×10−6)和明显的负Eu异常,可推测源区中有斜长石残留;高Y(20.2 × 10−6~85.1 × 10−6)、低Sr/Y(0.8~3.8)、高Yb(1.54 × 10−6~5.58 × 10−6)和低La/Yb(15.04 × 10−6~36.33 × 10−6),可推测源区中无石榴子石残留;低程度的HREE亏损可能暗示残留相中含有角闪石(Xiong et al.,2005)。同时,实验岩石学资料显示,低压条件(<1.6 GPa)下石榴子石通常不会出现在残留相里,中酸性源区熔融时稳定压力的下限更低。结合部分熔融实验,杂砂岩源岩在875 ℃ 、1. 0 GPa 条件下便可发生黑云母脱水部分熔融,并产生大量熔体 ( Patiňo Douce et al.,1991),此温压条件与文中样品所处的条件相近,角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗源区残留相矿物组合应为斜长石+角闪石(不含石榴子石),估算其熔融时的压力较低<1.0 GPa。综上所述,角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗是源岩为变质泥砂质岩石在压力<1.0 GPa、温度约为800 ℃,可能由黑云母脱水部分熔融产生。

    2个样品的锆石U–Pb年龄主体均为约455 Ma,表明二者为同一期岩浆事件的产物。值得注意的是,灰色二长花岗岩的锆石中还获得了约760 Ma的U–Pb年龄,由于在有限锆石颗粒上未能在同一颗锆石上同时测定出核部约760 Ma且边部约460 Ma的U–Pb年龄,因此无法直接判断760 Ma年龄的成因,但推断其可能来自:①在岩浆上升过程中,捕获的围岩中的锆石。②原岩发生部分熔融的锆石残留核。野外产状特征显示,灰色二长花岗岩以岩株方式侵入到东昆仑金水口岩群小庙组,而东昆仑小庙组主体形成于约1000 ~ 2 000 Ma的中元古代(陈能松等,2002张建新等,2003殷鸿福等,2003王国灿等,20042007陈有炘等,2011),而文中灰色二长花岗岩中的锆石核部并未发现年龄在1000~2 000 Ma的锆石,因此760 Ma的锆石可能不是捕获的围岩锆石。新近巴什尔希二长花岗岩可能形成于金水口岩群小庙组的部分熔融(Zheng et al.,2018),相关研究中没有发现新元古代约760 Ma的残留锆石年龄。因此,灰色二长花岗岩可能不是因金水口岩群小庙组部分熔融而形成。在弱过铝质(A/CNK值分别为1.02~1.07和1.05~1.07)花岗岩构造判别图中,2个样品基本落在同碰撞–造山后区域(图10)。结合区域内前人研究成果综合分析(高永宝等,2011;王增振等,2014),2个样品可能形成于同碰撞向后碰撞转换阶段的初始伸展构造背景。

    图  10  角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩构造环境判别图解
    Figure  10.  Discriminant diagram of granite tectonic environment

    巴什尔希岩体出露于南阿尔金与东昆仑北部白干湖地区的交接部位,目前关于其构造归属还存在不同认识。多数研究认为其属于东昆仑造山带祁漫塔格构造域,但部分学者认为其可能属于南阿尔金构造域(王增振等,2014)。黎敦朋等(2010)认为巴什尔希花岗侵入的地层围岩与东昆仑地区有显著的差别,与阿尔金地块更具亲缘性。

    已有研究表明,南阿尔金地区在经历了~500 Ma陆壳深俯冲及~460 Ma的俯冲板片折返后,在中晚奥陶世进入后碰撞演化阶段(马中平等,2009曹玉亭等,2010杨文强等,2012康磊等2016a2016b),且广泛分布一期~450 Ma花岗岩。东昆仑祁漫塔格晚奥陶世—早泥盆世初期为俯冲–碰撞阶段,出露于祁漫塔格主脊断裂以北岩浆岩具有岛弧岩浆岩的特点(肖爱芳,2005崔美慧等,2012);而同碰撞阶段发生在早志留世末—早泥盆世初期,同碰撞型岩浆岩分布在祁漫塔格哈拉达乌、十字沟、双石峡、乌兰乌珠尔和阿达滩断裂南侧等地(曹世泰等,2011谈生祥,2011);后碰撞型花岗岩则形成时代晚于早志留世末—早泥盆世初(郝杰等,2003谌宏伟等,2006郭通珍等,2011)。

    前人研究认为,在晚奥陶世—早泥盆世期间,巴什尔希岩浆主体于后造山阶段伸展构造背景下产出(黎敦朋等,2010高永宝等,2011李国臣等,2012王增振等,2014),而祁漫塔格地区在晚奥陶世—早泥盆世时期为俯冲–碰撞演化阶段的挤压环境,与笔者及前人部分研究结果认为的后碰撞伸展环境不相符。区域年代学统计可将巴什尔希岩浆活动为2期,第Ⅰ期为458~454 Ma(高晓峰等,2010),第Ⅱ期432 ~410 Ma为后碰撞伸展体系下形成的花岗岩(包亚范等,2008高永宝等,2011)。对比发现(表5),巴什尔希第Ⅰ期岩浆活动的形成时代、原岩性质、构造背景均与南阿尔金早古生代广泛分布的一期(466 ~451 Ma)花岗质岩浆活动(曹玉亭等,2010康磊等,20132014)相一致;第Ⅱ期岩浆活动(432 ~410 Ma)的形成时代与构造背景也可与南阿尔金~410 Ma花岗质岩浆活动相对应(吴锁平等,2007王超等,2008Liu et al.,2015)。此外,在南阿尔金塔特勒克布拉克片麻状花岗岩中获得了(782.3 ± 6.9) Ma残留岩浆锆石年龄,成岩年龄为450 Ma(康磊等,2013),与文中灰色二长花岗岩锆石中获得的760 Ma锆石U-Pb年龄(成岩年龄454 Ma)相对一致。上述分析表明,文中的2个二长花岗岩样品可能与南阿尔金早古生代花岗岩活动更具亲缘性。如前文所述,南阿尔金地区在~450 Ma处于陆壳俯冲碰撞后由挤压转换为初始伸展的构造背景,也进一步证明了前述关于样品形成压力的合理性。

    表  5  巴什尔希花岗岩类锆石年龄统计表
    Table  5.  Isotopic ages statistics of the granitoids in the Bashierxi magmatic series
    位置岩性年龄(Ma)构造背景测试方法资料来源
    东昆仑巴什
    尔希地区
    似斑状二长
    花岗岩
    458±9.0 局部拉张构造背景 Zircon U−Pb LA−MC−ICP−MS 高晓峰等,2010
    角闪二长花岗岩 452.9±3.6 碰撞造山后的初始
    伸展构造背景
    Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 本文
    灰色二 长花岗岩 454.2±4.8 本文
    南阿尔金构
    造带西段
    二长花岗岩 462±2.0 碰撞造山后的抬升初期 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 曹玉亭等,2010
    钾长花岗岩 452.8±3.1 俯冲陆壳断离后的
    伸展背景
    杨文强等,2012
    黑云母花岗岩 454.0±1.8 后碰撞初始伸展 Zircon U−Pb
    LA−MC−ICP MS
    康磊,2014
    钾长花岗岩 453.4±2.5
    二长花岗岩 453.1±2.1
    石英闪长岩 458.3±6.2 深俯冲陆壳折返抬升 康磊等,2016b
    东昆仑巴什
    尔希地区
    粗粒碱长花岗岩 432.3±0.8 造山花岗岩(板内和陆缘
    造山带)后造山构造环境
    包亚范等,2008
    黎敦朋等,2010
    碱长花岗岩 430.5±1.2 造山后局部拉张环境 Zircon U−Pb LA−MC−ICP−MS 高永宝等,2011
    碱长花岗岩 422.0±3.0 后碰撞伸展阶段 Zircon U−Pb SIMS 李国臣等,2012
    正长花岗岩 428.2±4.2 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 王增振等,2014
    正长花岗岩 422.5±2.3
    正长花岗岩 413.6±2.4 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 周建厚等,2014
    南阿尔金构
    造带东段
    似斑状钾长
    花岗岩
    424 造山后伸展阶段 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 王超等,2008
    花岗细晶岩 406
    碱性花岗岩 385.2±8.1 造山后的拉张环境 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 吴锁平等, 2007
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    (1)巴什尔希角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩为过铝质S型花岗岩,微量元素及锆石Hf同位素特征表明其源岩为上地壳的变质泥砂质沉积岩,岩浆起源温度、压力分别为~800 ℃和0.8~1.0 GPa。

    (2)LA–ICP–MS锆石U–Pb定年获得角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的形成年龄基本一致,分别为(452.9 ± 3.6) Ma和(454.2 ± 4.8) Ma,后者还获得了一组残留锆石约为760 Ma的年龄。

    (3)巴什尔希角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩可能形成于碰撞造山后的初始伸展构造背景,其形成时代、岩浆序列和构造背景研究结果显示其与南阿尔金构造域更具亲缘性。

    致谢:由衷感谢盖永升、郝江波、赵国军、马拓同学在工作中给予的帮助和建议;特别感谢两位审稿人提出的宝贵意见。谨此致谢!

  • 图  1   东昆仑巴什尔希区域地质图(据黎敦朋,2010修编)

    Figure  1.   Geological map of the Bashenerxi region of the East Kunlun Mountains

    图  2   东昆仑巴什尔希角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩野外露头和显微镜岩石学照片

    a.角闪二长花岗岩;b.灰色二长花岗岩;c.角闪二长花岗岩正交镜下照片;d.灰色二长花岗岩正交镜下照片;Amp.角闪石;Bi.黑云母;Kfs.钾长石;Pl.斜长石;Qz.石英;Tur.电气石

    Figure  2.   Field outcrops and petrographic microscopic photographs of granite

    图  3   东昆仑地区巴什尔希花岗岩岩石类型判别图解

    a. SiO2–K2O图解(Rickwood,1989);b. A/CNK–A/NK分类图解(Peccerillo et al.,1976);c.TAS图解(Middlemost,1994

    Figure  3.   Classification diagram of Bashenerxi granites from the eastern Kunlun area

    图  4   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩稀土模式图(a)和微量元素蛛网图(b)(原始地幔值据Sun et al.,1989

    Figure  4.   (a) Patterns of rare earth elements and (b) spider webs of trace elements in granite

    图  5   样品代表性锆石CL图像及U/Pb年龄

    Figure  5.   CL image of representative zircon samples

    图  6   花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄谐和图

    a、b、d.灰色二长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄谐和图及加权平均年龄;c.角闪二长花岗岩锆石U–Pb年龄谐和图及加权平均年龄

    Figure  6.   U–Pb diagrams of concordia and weighted mean ages for zircons

    图  7   锆石的εHf(t)–t图解

    Figure  7.   εHf(t)–t diagram for zircon

    图  8   花岗岩类型判别图解

    Figure  8.   Granite type discrimination diagram

    图  9   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩源区判别图

    底图a据Sylvester,1998; 底图b据Altherr et al.,2000

    Figure  9.   Source region discrimination diagrams of Bashierxi granites from the eastern Kunlun area

    图  10   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩构造环境判别图解

    底图a据Batchelor et al.,1985;底图b据Pearce et al.,1984

    Figure  10.   Discriminant diagram of granite tectonic environment

    表  1   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩地球化学组成(主量元素:%;微量元素:10−6

    Table  1   Element compositions of granite (Major element: %; Trace element: 10−6)

    元素13A-18(a)13A-18(b)13A-18(c)13A-18(d)13A-18(e)13A-18(g)13A-19(a)13A-19(b)13A-19(c)13A-19(d)13A-19(e)13A-19(f)
    SiO272.0973.4973.2271.9772.6772.3173.6774.1273.4973.8473.2873.83
    TiO20.260.290.240.320.310.330.190.200.200.200.190.18
    Al2O313.9813.0913.5113.7613.5513.4813.6113.5313.6413.6113.6513.48
    Fe2O3t2.012.141.742.362.452.211.571.541.531.561.551.51
    MnO0.040.050.030.040.050.040.020.030.030.030.030.03
    MgO0.340.360.290.420.380.380.300.310.280.300.310.28
    CaO1.181.170.921.211.241.210.991.111.171.171.081.06
    Na2O3.133.103.013.043.063.082.912.902.862.902.892.83
    K2O5.514.805.615.195.385.455.755.575.645.605.605.79
    P2O50.080.080.080.100.100.100.070.070.060.070.070.07
    LOI1.071.190.921.100.871.020.880.940.820.930.910.94
    TOTAL99.6999.7699.5799.51100.199.6199.96100.399.72100.299.56100.0
    Li31.228.626.333.137.624.641.847.645.642.244.443.9
    Be4.534.844.104.694.234.892.994.103.383.953.633.45
    Sc3.383.672.693.545.543.423.143.212.892.933.202.84
    V12.913.39.6516.014.113.78.468.098.228.088.157.71
    Cr6.525.636.824.124.334.555.647.207.003.495.003.19
    Co19.232.233.220.224.535.932.336.233.434.835.926.4
    Ni2.333.694.052.382.592.884.934.324.112.393.292.06
    Cu1.562.211.542.534.101.811.411.101.161.031.001.01
    Zn32.738.429.638.043.537.829.333.431.335.731.929.8
    Ga20.820.019.421.521.120.318.619.418.819.018.718.2
    Ge1.571.361.481.521.541.441.531.621.601.611.531.57
    Rb203183187178206208235214224198223240
    Sr80.773.975.983.979.679.586.177.578.679.580.276.0
    Y27.631.320.225.126.823.936.038.333.034.129.733.0
    Zr231230190284239252171172171169171164
    Nb27.630.023.934.633.238.127.230.529.431.329.530.4
    Cs2.752.461.722.573.481.544.834.096.473.615.173.57
    Ba478313393412385424393361384373402370
    La56.465.751.265.065.164.650.450.754.156.860.450.7
    Ce11012910112612812296.998.210410611498.4
    Pr12.414.611.414.514.814.211.111.211.812.113.011.0
    Nd42.151.238.450.151.248.637.938.540.842.245.938.7
    Sm7.308.706.548.949.398.277.607.868.158.248.777.69
    Eu0.950.880.881.000.940.970.770.770.810.800.830.76
    Gd6.007.015.257.137.486.836.756.987.027.227.346.78
    下载: 导出CSV
    续表1
    元素13A-18(a)13A-18(b)13A-18(c)13A-18(d)13A-18(e)13A-18(g)13A-19(a)13A-19(b)13A-19(c)13A-19(d)13A-19(e)13A-19(f)
    Tb0.831.000.680.910.980.911.031.071.011.021.030.97
    Dy4.675.533.624.725.134.675.896.175.605.675.475.43
    Ho0.851.040.640.820.880.791.121.161.031.050.981.02
    Er2.492.971.822.252.372.143.143.332.822.922.652.88
    Tm0.370.420.250.300.320.300.460.490.420.420.380.42
    Yb2.272.521.541.791.971.882.963.152.662.722.422.72
    Lu0.310.340.230.260.270.280.420.450.390.390.350.38
    Hf5.545.794.816.765.726.124.614.634.734.564.814.45
    Ta2.322.231.431.841.872.371.872.522.232.792.242.61
    Pb22.718.917.619.019.418.127.127.629.230.232.629.8
    Th23.329.624.827.326.326.829.634.133.734.734.933.3
    U1.672.091.431.341.861.512.142.902.262.417.962.22
    ΣREE230270209266270258226230241247264228
    LREE17.8020.8314.0318.1719.4217.80204.6207.3219.7225.9243.1207.2
    HREE12.9012.9814.9014.6213.9014.5221.7822.8020.9521.4120.6320.61
    LREE/HREE17.8018.6923.8626.0623.6624.699.409.0910.4910.5511.7910.05
    LaN/YbN0.440.350.460.380.340.4012.1911.5614.5714.9617.8913.37
    δEu0.430.330.440.370.330.390.320.310.320.310.310.32
    δCe0.980.980.980.970.970.940.960.970.970.940.950.97
    δ2.572.052.462.342.402.482.452.312.372.342.382.41
    Al2O3/TiO253.7745.1456.2943.0043.7140.8571.6367.6568.2068.0571.8474.89
    CaO/Na2O0.380.380.310.400.410.390.340.380.410.400.370.37
    K2O/Na2O1.761.551.861.711.761.771.981.921.971.931.942.05
    Rb/Ba0.420.580.480.430.530.490.600.590.580.530.560.65
    Sr/Ba0.170.240.190.200.210.190.220.210.200.210.200.21
    A/CNK1.051.051.061.071.031.021.061.061.051.051.071.05
     注: A/CNK = Al2O3 / (CaO + K2O + Na2O); δ =(K2O+Na2O)2 / (SiO2 -43); δEu = EuN / (SmN+GdN)1/2, δCe = CeN / (LaN + PrN)1/2;原始地幔值据Sun et al.,1989
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩的锆石LA–ICP–MS定年分析表

    Table  2   Table of dating analysis of granite zircon LA–ICP–MS

    样品编号含量( 10−6)Th / U同位素比值年龄值(Ma)
    232Th238U207Pb / 206Pb207Pb / 235U206Pb /238U207Pb /206Pb207Pb /235U206Pb /238U
    13A-18-012153610.59730.05790.00270.57590.02690.07200.0012528104462174487
    13A-18-025564541.22540.05890.00250.58420.02360.07190.000956591467154486
    13A-18-032933690.79410.05780.00320.58480.03000.07370.0010520120468194586
    13A-18-044555260.86480.05550.00360.56300.03660.07320.0011435143453244556
    13A-18-053333820.87130.05680.00280.57060.02750.07300.0011483109458184546
    13A-18-062605100.50910.05540.00250.56240.02450.07350.001042898453164576
    13A-18-073553870.91650.05610.00310.56400.03050.07270.0012457120454204527
    13A-18-081933170.61060.05530.00400.55900.04180.07310.00174331614512745510
    13A-18-093864700.82170.05480.00430.55220.04620.07230.0011406178446304506
    13A-18-101693090.54580.05670.00420.56500.04150.07230.00164801614552745010
    13A-18-115365850.91770.05710.00320.57160.03300.07200.0012494124459214487
    13A-18-124314910.87880.05470.00290.55800.02930.07350.0010398120450194576
    13A-18-134274730.90290.05670.00510.56770.04820.07260.0010480166457314526
    13A-19-01351740.19970.06590.00481.15620.07930.12830.001912001527803777818
    13A-19-02891930.46280.06520.00461.13820.07930.12630.00327811477723876712
    13A-19-031684810.34960.06620.00371.17360.06530.12830.00218131147883177813
    13A-19-047002682.61310.06260.00381.09430.06590.12650.00236941277513276810
    13A-19-053086680.46090.06370.00411.03510.06620.11720.00177311377213371510
    13A-19-061141270.89760.05710.00550.57080.05270.07270.00124941814593445311
    13A-19-071526320.24000.05620.00350.56560.03210.07340.0023457137455214567
    13A-19-0868314740.46370.06760.00411.15810.07590.12300.00268571247813674813
    13A-19-09101921.10820.06360.00511.14020.08910.13090.00147281697734279315
    13A-19-103833491.09750.06640.00341.14320.06170.12410.00228201077742975413
    13A-19-11211250.16460.06320.00661.04190.11280.11960.00397222227255672823
    13A-19-125295820.90770.05650.00300.56170.03030.07190.0011472117453204487
    13A-19-1366911390.58710.05490.00370.56100.03830.07390.0012406150452254597
    13A-19-142664530.58730.06270.00281.06070.04820.12280.0019698967342474611
    13A-19-1544760.58090.06840.00511.18810.08180.12890.00278801567953878216
    13A-19-16861850.46550.06310.00511.10770.08530.12790.00237221727574177613
    13A-19-1728820280.14200.05980.00230.59610.02290.07250.001159483475154517
    13A-19-1833832090.10540.05690.00260.57410.02500.07330.0010487102461164566
    13A-19-194665610.83040.05610.00330.57120.03600.07370.0015457131459234589
    13A-19-202294970.46070.05550.00320.55770.03130.07330.0011435132450204567
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗岩中锆石的Hf同位素分析结果

    Table  3   Hf isotope analysis of zircons in granite

    样品
    编号
    176Yb/177Hf176Lu/177Hf176Hf/177HfεHft2stDM Hf (Ma)tDM2(Ma)
    13A-18-010.050.0017620.282483−0.881.6211321514
    13A-18-020.050.0015830.282457−1.751.4311611566
    13A-18-030.050.0012940.282421−2.721.412001630
    13A-18-040.060.0016250.282473−1.061.4811421529
    13A-18-050.060.0016090.282407−3.411.3312351676
    13A-18-060.040.0013600.282447−1.872.1211671576
    13A-18-070.040.0011880.282443−2.031.2411641580
    13A-18-080.050.0016200.282454−1.721.911671570
    13A-18-090.050.0015470.282414−3.232.0212221661
    13A-18-100.060.0018120.282399−3.852.212551704
    13A-18-110.060.0019010.282344−5.861.9313381831
    13A-18-120.060.0018710.282342−5.722.0513401829
    13A-18-130.040.0012990.282444−2.071.5311691584
    13A-19-010.020.0006070.2823190.861.5013031459
    13A-19-020.030.0006940.2823381.221.3712801431
    13A-19-030.080.0022550.282307−0.441.9813801525
    13A-19-040.030.0009280.2823371.111.3112891438
    13A-19-050.070.0021910.282206−5.291.6915221718
    13A-19-060.050.0013400.282424−2.681.2811811378
    13A-19-070.140.0034920.282289−2.331.8414551596
    13A-19-080.010.0002780.2823823.571.2012061333
    13A-19-090.070.0022190.282266−8.653.7014371676
    13A-19-100.060.0019770.282373−4.463.0412741477
    13A-19-110.050.0016910.282178−5.221.7515421747
    13A-19-120.020.0005360.282231−3.311.3314221630
    13A-19-130.050.0015910.282407−3.531.3812131415
    13A-19-140.030.0008220.282374−4.041.5912341457
    13A-19-150.060.0015580.282331−5.951.2113191547
    13A-19-160.080.0020470.2823671.121.9012861420
    13A-19-170.040.0011040.282280−0.721.6513751542
    13A-19-180.050.0014220.282150−5.612.1415701784
    13A-19-190.050.0015260.282291−7.531.3513751620
    13A-19-200.060.0016550.282383−4.231.2512491457
    13A-19-210.050.0014650.282440−2.160.9211621352
    13A-19-220.070.0019840.282297−7.321.7013841615
    13A-19-230.040.0011860.282341−5.561.1512921524
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   角闪二长花岗岩和灰色二长花岗的温度计计算结果

    Table  4   Values for admellite by zircon saturation thermometer

    样品编号锆饱和温度计
    M(×10-6DzrTZr(℃)
    13A-18a1.742147.16793
    13A-18b1.712159.33794
    13A-18c1.742605.78776
    13A-18d1.691744.33816
    13A-18e1.742077.57796
    13A-18f1.761969.10799
    13A-19a1.342893.36796
    13A-19b1.352877.50796
    13A-19c1.362897.50795
    13A-19d1.362928.57794
    13A-19e1.342899.91796
    13A-19f1.363030.87791
     注:TZr(℃) = 12900 / (InDZr + 0.85M + 2.95)-273.15,DZr近似为496000/全岩锆含量,M=(2Ca+K+Na)/(Si×Al),令Si+Al+Fe+ Mg+Ca+Na+K+P=1,均为原子数分数(Watson et al.,1983)。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   巴什尔希花岗岩类锆石年龄统计表

    Table  5   Isotopic ages statistics of the granitoids in the Bashierxi magmatic series

    位置岩性年龄(Ma)构造背景测试方法资料来源
    东昆仑巴什
    尔希地区
    似斑状二长
    花岗岩
    458±9.0 局部拉张构造背景 Zircon U−Pb LA−MC−ICP−MS 高晓峰等,2010
    角闪二长花岗岩 452.9±3.6 碰撞造山后的初始
    伸展构造背景
    Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 本文
    灰色二 长花岗岩 454.2±4.8 本文
    南阿尔金构
    造带西段
    二长花岗岩 462±2.0 碰撞造山后的抬升初期 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 曹玉亭等,2010
    钾长花岗岩 452.8±3.1 俯冲陆壳断离后的
    伸展背景
    杨文强等,2012
    黑云母花岗岩 454.0±1.8 后碰撞初始伸展 Zircon U−Pb
    LA−MC−ICP MS
    康磊,2014
    钾长花岗岩 453.4±2.5
    二长花岗岩 453.1±2.1
    石英闪长岩 458.3±6.2 深俯冲陆壳折返抬升 康磊等,2016b
    东昆仑巴什
    尔希地区
    粗粒碱长花岗岩 432.3±0.8 造山花岗岩(板内和陆缘
    造山带)后造山构造环境
    包亚范等,2008
    黎敦朋等,2010
    碱长花岗岩 430.5±1.2 造山后局部拉张环境 Zircon U−Pb LA−MC−ICP−MS 高永宝等,2011
    碱长花岗岩 422.0±3.0 后碰撞伸展阶段 Zircon U−Pb SIMS 李国臣等,2012
    正长花岗岩 428.2±4.2 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 王增振等,2014
    正长花岗岩 422.5±2.3
    正长花岗岩 413.6±2.4 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 周建厚等,2014
    南阿尔金构
    造带东段
    似斑状钾长
    花岗岩
    424 造山后伸展阶段 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 王超等,2008
    花岗细晶岩 406
    碱性花岗岩 385.2±8.1 造山后的拉张环境 Zircon U−Pb LA−ICP−MS 吴锁平等, 2007
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-11-02
  • 修回日期:  2022-03-06
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-10-12
  • 刊出日期:  2023-04-19

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