Geochronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of Cumulates in Qingshuiquan Region, South Altyn Tagh
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摘要:
为探讨清水泉地区堆晶岩成岩时代和区域地质构造，选择沿阿尔金南缘主断裂南侧分布的清水泉堆晶辉长岩开展完成了LA−ICP−MS 锆石定年，对堆晶纯橄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩开展了全岩地球化学研究。堆晶辉长岩年龄为（464.8±1.3）Ma，岩石地球化学结果表明：清水泉堆晶岩主量元素具低TiO2 含量，高Mg# 值的特点。纯橄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩稀土元素配分曲线呈现“平坦型”，与富集型大洋中脊玄武岩（E−MORB）配分一致。综合清水泉堆晶岩地化特征和区域地质构造背景认为：清水泉堆晶岩为同源岩浆分异演化的产物，其形成于伸展的构造背景，表明阿尔金南缘板块碰撞在中奥陶世已基本结束。
Abstract:In order to discuss the diagenetic age and regional geological structure of the cumulates in Qingshuiquan area, LA−ICP−MS zircon dating was conduct for the cumulates distributed along the south side of the main fault in the southern margin of Altyn Tagh, and the whole−rock geochemistry of the cumulates, pyroxenites, gabbros and diorites was studied. LA−ICP−MS zircon U−Pb dating of the gabbro yielded a mean 206Pb/238U age of (464.8±1.3) Ma. Geochemical analysis indicates that the main elements of Qingshuiquan cumulates are characterized by low TiO2 and high Mg#. The chondrite−normalized REE patterns are “A flat type”, which is consistent with the REE distribution of enriched mid−ocean ridge basalt (E−MORB). According to the geochemical characteristics of Qingshuiquan cumulate rock and the regional geological tectonic background, it is considered that Qingshuiquan cumulate rock is the product of homologous magma differentiation and evolution, which was formed in the extensional tectonic background, indicating that the plate collision in the southern margin of Altun in the early Middle Ordovician has basically ended.
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Keywords:
- cumulates /
- zircon U−Pb ages /
- geochemistry /
- Qingshuiquan
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图 1 阿尔金构造地质简图（a）（据吴才来等，2014）和清水泉地区地质图（b）
Figure 1. (a) The geological sketch maps of Altyn tagh and (b) Qingshuiquan in area
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图 2 阿尔金南缘清水泉堆晶岩野外及镜下照片
a. 堆晶岩与围岩呈断层接触； b. 堆晶岩中辉长岩韵律结构； c. 堆晶岩中辉长岩强变形带内矿物呈定向排列； d. 堆晶辉石岩与辉长岩接触界限（突变）； e. 蛇纹石化纯橄岩； f. 阳起石化辉石岩； g. 蚀变辉长岩； h.辉长岩中细粒绿帘石与黄铁矿共生； i.辉石岩和辉长岩分界（过渡）；ol. 橄榄石；Aug 辉石；Act. 阳起石；Pl. 斜长石；Bt. 黑云母；Py. 黄铁矿
Figure 2. Field photographs and micrographs of cumulate from Qingshuiquan, southern margin of Altyn tagh
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图 3 阿尔金南缘清水泉堆晶岩Al2O3-CaO-MgO图解（a）（据Coleman，1977）和FAM图解（b）（据Irvine et al.，1971）
Figure 3. (a) Al2O3-CaO-MgO and (b) FAM diagram of cumulate from Qingshuiquan, southern margin of Altyn tagh
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图 4 清水泉堆晶岩稀土配分模式图（a）和微量元素蛛网图（b）（标准化数据Sun et al.，1989）
Figure 4. (a) Chondrite–normalized REE patterns and (b) primitive mantle–normalized trace element spider diagrams
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图 5 阿尔金南段清水泉堆晶辉长岩锆石阴极发光图像（a）和谐和图（b）
Figure 5. (a) Zircon cathodicluminescence images and (b) zircons U–Pb concordia diagrams of cumulated gabbro in Qingshuiquan, southern margin of Altyn tagh
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图 6 阿尔金南段清水泉堆晶岩 MgO 横坐标 Hark 图解
Figure 6. Hark diagram for cumulated gabbro in Qingshuiquan, southern margin of Altyn tagh
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图 7 阿尔金南段清水泉堆晶岩源区判别图（据Maurice et al.，2012）
Figure 7. Source discrimination diagram of Qingshuiquan, southern margin of Altyn tagh
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图 8 阿尔金南段清水泉堆晶岩Y/15–La/10–Nb/8 （a）（据Cabanis et al.，1989）及 Nb/Zr–Th/Zr 构造背景判别图（b）（据孙书勤等，2007）
N-MORB. N 型大洋中脊玄武岩；E-MOEB. E 型大洋中脊玄武岩；WPA. 板内碱性玄武岩；CAB. 钙碱性玄武岩；IAB. 岛弧拉斑玄武岩；BABB. 弧后盆地玄武岩；WPB. 板内玄武岩；Ⅰ. N-MORB; Ⅱ1. 陆缘岛弧火山岩；Ⅱ2.陆缘火山玄武岩；Ⅲ.大洋板内玄武岩海山玄武岩；Ⅳ1.陆内初始、陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩；Ⅳ2.大陆拉张玄武岩；Ⅳ3.大陆碰撞玄武岩区；Ⅴ.地幔热柱玄武岩
Figure 8. (a) Y/15−La/10−Nb/8 and (b) Nb/Zr−Th/Zr tectonic setting discriminant diagram for Qingshuiquan, southern margin of Altyn tagh
表 1 阿尔金南缘清水泉堆晶岩主量元素（%）及微量元素（10−6）化学组成表
Table 1 Major (%) and trace (10−6) elelments data of of cumulate from Qingshuiquan area, southern margin of Altyn tagh
样品 C0 C10 C14 C5 C6 C7 C8 K1 FC1 FC4 FC16 岩石 纯橄岩 辉石岩 辉长岩 SiO2 37.36 38.02 38.33 38.48 40.98 38.07 37.94 46.63 46.67 48.19 49.45 TiO2 0.18 0.21 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.05 0.15 0.41 0.13 0.05 Al2O3 3.11 7.43 2.43 3.55 5.4 2.15 3.03 3.98 13.26 17.6 2.75 Fe2O3 7.71 4.66 8.56 7.19 5.42 7.55 4.35 4.59 3.72 1.78 3.63 FeO 5.62 5.85 4.56 5.07 3.55 5.13 4.51 5.05 6.04 2.8 4.37 TFeO 12.55 10.04 12.26 11.53 8.42 11.92 8.42 9.18 9.38 4.4 7.63 MnO 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.12 0.14 MgO 33.05 28.22 33.97 33.78 31.95 32.32 33.82 18.45 14.56 11.47 25.49 CaO 1.52 5.17 0.68 1.47 3.7 2.32 2.85 18.01 9.82 13.52 8.13 K2O 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.11 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.41 0.84 0.01 Na2O 0.1 0.22 0.03 0.19 0.37 0.12 0.12 0.15 2.33 1.41 0.61 P2O5 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.01 LOL 11.05 10 11.14 9.95 8.25 11.98 13.14 2.75 2.53 2.1 5.33 H2O+ 7.4 5.84 8.84 5.62 5.09 4.63 5.37 1.66 1.44 0.99 2.06 Total 99.98 99.99 100 99.99 100.01 100.01 99.99 100 99.97 99.98 99.97 La 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.77 0.72 0.78 0.71 0.46 2.01 0.87 0.98 Ce 1.83 1.86 1.71 1.79 1.54 1.7 1.72 1.21 5.15 2.3 2.63 Pr 0.2 0.22 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.219 0.24 0.19 0.77 0.34 0.4 Nd 1.01 1.07 0.89 1.09 0.98 0.994 1.12 0.9 3.74 1.71 2.1 Sm 0.29 0.31 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.256 0.29 0.3 1.12 0.53 0.62 Eu 0.061 0.079 0.054 0.065 0.071 0.073 0.059 0.09 0.57 0.32 0.35 Gd 0.43 0.41 0.32 0.3 0.36 0.305 0.32 0.41 1.51 0.64 0.61 Tb 0.079 0.072 0.061 0.059 0.063 0.055 0.054 0.08 0.25 0.11 0.12 Dy 0.48 0.48 0.4 0.41 0.46 0.373 0.38 0.53 1.82 0.81 0.79 Ho 0.11 0.1 0.085 0.09 0.1 0.082 0.09 0.13 0.4 0.18 0.17 Er 0.29 0.3 0.23 0.26 0.29 0.23 0.24 0.32 1.1 0.52 0.5 Tm 0.047 0.042 0.034 0.045 0.05 0.036 0.039 0.05 0.18 0.085 0.077 Yb 0.29 0.27 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.231 0.26 0.31 1.25 0.55 0.5 Lu 0.044 0.042 0.035 0.041 0.046 0.035 0.037 0.05 0.18 0.085 0.079 Y 3.04 2.84 2.28 2.59 2.86 2.34 2.39 3.07 10.4 4.91 4.2 Cu 8.32 8.96 36.6 20.7 31.1 40.3 30.6 26.2 41 9.43 68.2 Pb 1.46 15.1 15.4 5.33 3.59 9.6 2.73 74.8 9.42 6.29 11.9 Zn 61.8 61.5 78.7 68.1 59.8 85 46.2 43.8 103 30.6 62.5 
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续表1 样品 C0 C10 C14 C5 C6 C7 C8 K1 FC1 FC4 FC16 岩石 纯橄岩 辉石岩 辉长岩 Cr 2360 2690 2300 1380 3440 1700 1470 2100 1100 1370 4850 Ni 1390 1090 1430 1330 1250 1300 1330 185 392 259 1940 Co 119 94.8 133 123 93.6 112 109 63.9 57.4 33.7 98.8 Rb 2.9 2.41 1.33 2.32 4.46 2.03 1.21 1.71 10.1 43.1 0.64 Cs 0.18 0.17 0.085 0.066 0.16 0.12 0.054 0.11 0.25 0.66 0.067 Sr 18.5 49.9 26.3 22.5 23.7 46.9 31.7 10.9 416 225 253.7 Ba 20.5 48.8 51.7 24.6 31 28.1 17.9 11.4 144 207 16.7 V 50.2 113 48.9 61.9 71 56.6 36.2 308 207 126 49.5 Sc 11.3 14.6 9.23 9.59 8.17 9.62 7.16 87.6 18 24.8 3.22 Nb 1 1.08 1.09 0.58 0.63 0.7 0.64 0.45 1.23 0.43 0.43 Ta 0.21 0.65 0.58 0.31 0.32 0.29 0.22 0.31 0.24 0.18 0.2 Zr 3.09 2.34 2.86 2.502 2.525 2.593 2.39 3.27 10.9 5.32 3.15 Hf 0.23 0.1 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.158 0.17 0.358 0.15 0.13 U 0.11 0.11 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.15 0.13 0.1 0.39 0.156 0.19 Th 0.37 0.26 0.16 0.2 0.16 0.28 0.17 0.19 0.31 0.18 0.098 Mg# 82.6 83.5 83.3 84.0 87.2 83.0 87.8 78.3 73.6 82.4 85.7 δCe 1.08 1.02 0.95 1.03 1 0.98 1 0.98 1 1.02 1.01 δEu 0.53 0.68 0.58 0.71 0.7 0.8 0.59 0.78 1.34 1.68 1.72 （La/Yb）N 1.84 2.10 2.60 1.79 1.67 2.28 1.84 1.00 1.08 1.07 1.32 REE 5.95 6.10 5.35 5.69 5.42 5.37 5.56 5.03 20.05 9.05 9.93 LREE 4.18 4.38 3.96 4.20 3.76 4.02 4.14 3.15 13.36 6.07 7.08 HREE 1.77 1.72 1.39 1.50 1.66 1.35 1.42 1.88 6.69 2.98 2.85 LREE/HREE 2.36 2.55 2.86 2.81 2.27 2.98 2.91 1.68 2.00 2.04 2.49
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表 2 阿尔金南缘清水泉堆晶辉长岩锆石LA–ICP–MS U–Pb分析结果表
Table 2 LA–ICP–MS U–Pb analysis results of zircons from Qingshuiquan area, southern margin of Altyn tagh
编号 含量(10−6) 同位素比值 年龄（Ma） Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 1 59 22 64 0.0567 0.0008 0.5883 0.0066 0.0752 0.0004 0.0237 0.0002 478 16 470 4 467 2 2 72 176 189 0.0562 0.0007 0.5776 0.0049 0.0744 0.0004 0.0241 0.0001 461 11 463 3 463 2 3 46 43 112 0.0541 0.0006 0.5568 0.0044 0.0746 0.0003 0.0219 0.0001 374 10 449 3 464 2 4 75 88 184 0.0541 0.0007 0.5559 0.0056 0.0744 0.0004 0.0239 0.0001 376 14 449 4 463 2 5 91 148 232 0.0577 0.0006 0.5933 0.0038 0.0746 0.0003 0.0219 0.0001 518 7 473 2 464 2 6 67 97 168 0.0604 0.0009 0.6232 0.0071 0.0748 0.0004 0.0277 0.0002 619 16 492 4 465 2 7 149 319 399 0.0564 0.0007 0.5861 0.0054 0.0754 0.0004 0.0247 0.0001 468 12 468 3 469 2 8 64 24 68 0.0596 0.0009 0.6136 0.0081 0.0749 0.0004 0.0243 0.0002 478 43 466 7 464 2 9 152 220 394 0.0511 0.0006 0.5275 0.0043 0.0751 0.0003 0.0204 0.0001 244 11 430 3 467 2 10 87 188 383 0.0521 0.0006 0.5334 0.0040 0.0745 0.0003 0.0190 0.0001 291 9 434 3 463 2 11 47 43 104 0.0490 0.0009 0.4960 0.0078 0.0737 0.0004 0.0191 0.0001 148 27 409 5 458 2 12 115 175 76 0.0555 0.0006 0.5717 0.0036 0.0750 0.0003 0.0216 0.0001 433 7 459 2 466 2
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表 3 阿南构造混杂岩带中早古生代岩浆事件统计表
Table 3 The dataing result of main magma events in the South Altyn Tagh
构造
位置地区 岩性 年龄（Ma） 构造背景 来源 阿南
构造
混杂
岩带长沙沟 辉石橄榄岩 510.6±1.4 洋脊扩张和洋壳俯冲消减 郭金城等，2014 花岗闪长岩 503±1.7 康磊等，2014 约马克其 辉长岩 500.7±1.9 李向民等，2009 鱼目泉 花岗岩 497 碰撞造山和陆壳深俯冲 孙吉明等，2012 茫崖 二长花岗岩 472.1±1.1 康磊等，2016 石英闪长岩 469±6 后碰撞初始伸展阶段 吴才来等，2014 长沙沟 镁铁质−超镁铁质岩体 467±1 马中平，2009 清水泉 堆晶辉长岩 464±1.3 本文 斜长角闪岩 461±4 王立社，2016a 斜长花岗岩 451～465 王立社，2016b 迪木那里克 钾长花岗岩 452.8±3.1 杨文强等，2012 塔特勒克布拉克 二长花岗岩 462±2 碰撞造山后初期抬升 曹玉亭等，2010 片麻状花岗岩 451±1.7 康磊等，2013 玉素普阿勒克 似斑状钾长花岗岩 424 造山后伸展阶段 王超等，2008 茫崖柴水沟、长春沟 二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩 404±5、406±4 吴才来等，2014 411±5、406±3 吐拉 碱厂花岗岩 385.2±8.1 吴锁平等，2007
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