Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characteristics and Water Assessment Analysis of Surface Water and Groundwater Near Bolokenu–Aqikekuduke Fault in Xinjiang
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摘要:
新疆地区属于西北干旱地区，水资源紧缺，为了研究其地下水的水文地球化学特征及水质情况，在博阿断裂附近采集与收集温泉水、地表水和冷泉水共15个样品，进行了水化学和氢氧同位素特征分析，并进行了水质评价。结果表明，研究区地表水的水化学类型主要为SO4−Na、Cl·SO4−Na和HCO3·SO4−Ca·Na型。温泉水的水化学类型为SO4·HCO3−Na/HCO3·SO4−Na和HCO3·Cl−Na型。冷泉水的水化学类型为SO4·HCO3−Mg·Ca、HCO3−Ca、HCO3−Mg·Ca和SO4·HCO3−Ca型。研究区冷泉水中Mg2+、Ca2+、HCO3−的主要来源是白云石、方解石和石膏溶解。温泉水中的Na+、K+、HCO3−和Ca2+主要来自于长石类矿物的溶解。地表水中的主要离子来源则比较复杂，并且其含量受到了蒸发作用的强烈影响，而且地表水处于氧化环境。温泉水和冷泉水主要补给来源为大气降水，补给高程为2874～4161 m。温泉水和地表水的水质极差，不适合饮用。通过研究博阿断裂附近地表水和地下水的水化学和同位素特征，可为当地水资源的合理开发利用与管理提供理论支撑。
Abstract:Xinjiang is an arid area in Northwest China, which is short of water resources. In order to study the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water quality of its groundwater, 15 samples including hot spring water, surface water and cold spring water were collected near the Boa fault. The hydrochemistry and hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics were analyzed, and the water quality was evaluated. The results show that the hydrochemical types of surface water in the study area are mainly SO4−Na, Cl·SO4−Na and HCO3·SO4−Ca·Na type. The hydrochemical types of hot spring water are SO4·HCO3−Na/HCO3·SO4−Na and HCO3·Cl−Na type. The hydrochemical types of cold spring water are SO4·HCO3−Mg·Ca, HCO3−Ca, HCO3−Mg·Ca and SO4·HCO3−Ca type. The main sources of Mg2+, Ca2+, HCO3− in the cold spring water in the study area are dolomite, calcite and gypsum dissolution. Na+, K+, HCO3− and Ca2+ in hot spring water mainly come from the dissolution of feldspar minerals. The main ion sources in surface water are complex, and their contents are strongly affected by evaporation, and the surface water is in an oxidizing environment. The main supply source of hot spring water and cold spring water is atmospheric precipitation, and the supply elevation varies from 2874.5 m to 4287 m. The water quality of hot spring water and surface water is very poor, which is not suitable for drinking. The study of hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of surface water and groundwater near Boa fault can provide theoretical support for the rational development, utilization and management of local water resources.
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图 1 天山地区主要活动断裂及采样点位置（杨晓平等，2000）
Ⅰ. 准噶尔盆地；Ⅱ.塔城盆地；Ⅲ .伊宁盆地；Ⅳ. 吐鲁番盆地；Ⅴ. 尤都鲁斯盆地；Ⅵ. 焉耆盆地；Ⅶ .塔里木盆地
Figure 1. Main active faults in Tianshan area and sampling point location
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图 6 温泉水（a）、地表水（b）和冷泉水（c）SI图
Figure 6. SI map of (a) hot spring, (b) surface water and (c) cold spring
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图 7 研究区Ca2+ vs Mg2+离子关系图
Figure 7. Diagram of Ca2+ vs Mg2+ relationship in the study area
表 1 水化学同位素测试分析结果表
Table 1 Analysis results of water chemistry and isotope test
编号 水温
（℃）pH TDS
（mg/L）Na+
（mg/L）Ca2+
（mg/L）Mg2+
（mg/L）Cl−
（mg/L）SO42−
（mg/L）HCO3−
（mg/L）NO3−
（mg/L）NH4+
（mg/L）δD δ18O DRT1 49 9.95 387.74 103.26 2.00 0.24 14.32 54.73 23.19 5.54 5.51 −78.94 −10.49 DRT2 38.7 9.84 378.83 100.89 2.00 0.73 14.32 61.45 34.18 3.81 3.95 −83.28 −11.36 DRT3 50 9.92 553.73 163.12 1.60 0.24 15.75 158.44 25.63 5.74 5.70 −78.81 −10.65 DRT4 37.4 9.29 328.84 111.07 4.01 0.24 96.63 16.32 34.18 0.14 0.52 −74.57 −9.19 DRT5 29.5 8.82 304.75 109.08 4.01 0.49 82.32 15.36 48.83 2.26 0.39 −75.17 −9.71 TT1 22 8.24 3633.91 1081.49 77.25 50.76 207.74 1982.86 363.82 31.84 <0.04 −− −− TT2 25 8.58 3145.98 1072.95 36.12 12.17 518.99 1239.95 423.65 17.92 0.16 −− −− TT3 23 8.01 1338.64 332.22 94.11 25.61 67.36 537.86 451.73 14.29 2.20 −− −− SD01 −− 7.87 97.00 1.40 24.36 6.04 5.98 28.79 61.36 −− −− −60.9 −9.1 SD02 −− 7.84 79.00 1.24 21.27 4.17 4.27 19.13 57.27 −− −− −59 −9.15 SD03 −− 7.70 170.00 3.68 50.18 8.08 9.40 13.78 169.47 −− −− −50 −7.81 SD04 −− 7.60 95.00 0.87 25.99 5.57 4.78 18.51 77.72 −− −− −56.7 −9.07 SD05 −− 7.62 98.00 0.55 24.45 7.70 3.42 21.18 81.81 −− −− −57.4 −8.98 SD06 −− 7.70 77.00 0.78 21.87 3.39 8.20 19.54 46.75 −− −− −58 −9.38 SD07 −− 7.97 155.00 1.31 44.43 8.70 6.49 23.03 142.00 −− −− −45.8 −7.8 
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表 2 研究区补给高程表
Table 2 Recharge elevation in the study area
编号 δDV-SMOW（‰） δ18OV-SMOW（‰） 补给高程（m） DRT1 −78.94 −10.49 4066.30 DRT2 −83.28 −11.36 4160.65 DRT3 −78.81 −10.65 4063.48 DRT4 −74.57 −9.19 3971.30 DRT5 −75.17 −9.71 3064.35 DRT6 −79.35 −10.45 3155.19 SD01 −60.9 −9.1 3109 SD02 −59 −9.15 3662.5 SD03 −50 −7.81 2874.5 SD04 −56.7 −9.07 3667.5 SD05 −57.4 −8.98 3570 SD06 −58 −9.38 3943 SD07 −45.8 −7.8 3579
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表 4 地下水质量分级表
Table 4 Groundwater quality classification table
级别 优秀 良好 较好 较差 极差 F 0.8 0.8～2.5 2.5～4.25 4.25～7.2 >7.2
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表 5 研究区水质F分值法评价结果表
Table 5 Evaluation results of F-score method for water quality in the study area
DRT1 DRT2 DRT3 DRT4 DRT5 TT1 TT2 TT3 F值 7.72 7.65 7.87 7.62 7.41 8.11 8.43 8.03
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