Geological Characteristics and Genesis of Manganese Ore in Moshigou Area, Qinghai Province
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摘要:
青海磨石沟锰矿是近年来东昆仑南坡地区新发现的台盆相沉积型碳酸锰矿，主要赋存于中新元古界万宝沟群碳酸盐岩组顶部。含锰岩系及锰矿体具有厚度大、延伸稳定、岩性组合简单及整体品位偏低但储量较大的特点，是青海省内少数具有良好前景的锰矿勘查基地之一。根据磨石沟锰矿区的最新勘查成果，从成矿地质背景、矿区地质特征、厚大的白云岩–碳质板岩含锰岩系、层状密集分布的锰矿体、矿石质量特征及主–微量元素特征等方面推断矿床成因与热水沉积关系密切，初步探究磨石沟地区热水沉积锰矿的成矿模式。通过综合分析，初步评价磨石沟锰矿区的找矿潜力，为类似沉积型锰矿勘查提供找矿借鉴。
Abstract:Moshigou manganese mining area in Qinghai is a platform basin sedimentary manganese carbonate deposit newly discovered in the south slope of East Kunlun in recent years, which mainly occurs at the top of the carbonate formation of Wanbaogou group in meso Neoproterozoic. Manganese bearing rock series and manganese orebody are characterized by large thickness, stable extension, simple lithologic combination, low overall grade but large reserves. They are one of the few manganese ore exploration bases with good prospects in Qinghai Province. According to the latest exploration results of Moshigou manganese mining area, it is inferred that the genesis of the deposit is closely related to hot water sedimentation from the aspects of metallogenic geological background, geological characteristics of the mining area, thick dolomite carbonaceous slate manganese bearing rock series, layered densely distributed manganese ore bodies, ore quality characteristics, main and trace element characteristics, etc., and the metallogenic model of hot water sedimentary manganese ore in Moshigou area is preliminarily explored. Through comprehensive analysis, the prospecting potential of Moshigou manganese mining area is preliminarily evaluated, so as to provide prospecting reference for similar sedimentary manganese ore exploration.
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图 1 青海省磨石沟地区地质图（马延虎等，2004；王发明等，2004；邓红斌等，2017）
1.柴达木中新生界后造山磨拉石前陆盆地；2.祁漫塔格–都兰新元古界—早古生界缝合带；3.东昆中岩浆弧带；4.昆仑山口–昌马河俯冲增生楔；5.巴颜喀拉双向边缘前陆盆地；6.东昆仑南坡俯冲碰撞杂岩带；7.第四系；8.中—上三叠统希里可特组；9.中—下三叠统洪水川组；10.奥陶系—志留系纳赤台群砾岩组；11.奥陶系—志留系纳赤台群砂岩组；12.早古生界下寒武统沙松乌拉组；13.中—新元古界万保沟群碳酸岩组；14.燕山期石英二长花岗岩；15.加里东期石英二长花岗岩；16.地质界线；17.逆断层；18.正断层；19.不明性质断层；20.向斜；21.背斜；22.主缝合带；23.新元古界—早古生界缝合带俯冲方向；24.晚古生界—早中生界缝合带俯冲方向；25.A型俯冲带；26.矿区范围
Figure 1. Geological map of Moshigou area, Qinghai Province
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图 2 磨石沟锰矿区地质图
1.第四系；2.三叠系中下统洪水川组二段；3.中—新元古界万保沟群碳酸岩组白云岩、板岩段；4.长石石英砂岩；5.碳质板岩；6.千枚岩；7.白云岩；8.灰岩；9.地质界线；10.正断层；11.不明性质断层；12.主要锰矿体及编号
Figure 2. Geological map of Moshigou manganese mining area
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图 3 磨石沟锰矿区含锰岩系柱状图
Figure 3. Histogram of manganese bearing rock series in Moshigou manganese ore area
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图 4 磨石沟锰矿区成矿模式示意图
1.灰岩；2.万宝沟群碳酸盐岩组灰岩段；3.万宝沟群碳酸盐岩组白云岩段；4.含锰岩系；5.碳酸锰矿；6.断层；7.相对运动方向；8.运动方向
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of metallogenic model of Moshigou manganese mine area
表 1 磨石沟锰矿区主矿体特征简表
Table 1 Characteristics of main ore body in Moshigou manganese mining area
主矿体 项目 厚度 Mn TFe P SiO2 CaO MgO Al2O3 Loss Mn/TFe P/Mn （CaO+MgO）/
（SiO2+Al2O3）（m） （%） （%） （%） （%） （%） （%） （%） （%） Ⅰ-2Mn 单工程 5.42 11.88 5.18 0.15 40.10 4.79 3.89 9.17 14.51 2.29 0.013 0.18 Ⅰ-6Mn 单工程 9.03 13.86 4.01 0.16 37.41 5.50 4.21 7.75 15.83 3.46 0.012 0.22 Ⅱ-5Mn 最小值 0.61 10.27 4.08 0.08 31.14 7.70 2.02 6.80 21.96 2.52 0.008 0.26 最大值 2.55 16.03 4.33 0.20 36.41 9.55 3.52 8.42 23.42 3.70 0.012 0.29 平均值 1.43 12.44 4.22 0.11 33.86 8.83 2.91 7.73 22.70 2.95 0.009 0.28 Ⅱ-6Mn 最小值 0.95 11.04 3.02 0.054 30.84 6.64 1.92 4.85 19.62 3.66 0.005 0.24 最大值 2.54 15.23 3.89 0.014 42.05 12.02 4.16 7.10 21.01 3.92 0.001 0.33 平均值 1.47 11.92 3.47 0.09 35.38 9.69 3.16 5.86 20.62 3.44 0.008 0.31 注：测试单位为青海省有色地质测试中心。采用光谱–化学分析法测试，仪器为ICAP-6300 ICP等离子体发射光谱仪A-7，检出限0.001×10−2，可靠性良好。 
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表 2 磨石沟锰矿区碳酸锰矿石化学成分及参数表
Table 2 Chemical composition and parameters of manganese carbonate ore in Moshigou manganese mining area
样品编号 Mn（%） Fe（%） Al2O3（%） SiO2（%） Al/（Al+Fe+Mn） SiO2/Al2O3 MS2021QZ01‐H12 10.90 3.50 5.62 33.26 0.17 5.92 MS2021QZ01‐H13 11.34 3.02 4.85 30.84 0.15 6.36 MS2021QZ01‐H18 10.88 4.08 6.80 35.06 0.19 5.16 MS2021QZ01‐H20 10.82 4.18 8.21 31.10 0.22 3.79 MS2021QZ01‐H41 10.98 5.40 8.24 42.30 0.21 5.13 MS2021TC01‐H19 22.63 4.41 7.38 30.59 0.13 4.14 MS2021TC01‐H32 11.62 5.17 10.97 48.70 0.26 4.44 MS2021TC01‐H34 26.46 3.72 6.01 33.65 0.10 5.60 MS2021TC01‐H55 12.30 5.79 8.44 34.82 0.20 4.13 MS2021TC01‐H56 16.06 6.26 8.01 30.99 0.16 3.87 MS2021TC01‐H57 16.17 3.48 5.51 29.06 0.13 5.27 MS2021TC01‐H58 12.69 4.26 6.38 32.30 0.17 5.06 MS2021TC01‐H60 17.76 3.76 6.96 33.80 0.15 4.86 MS2021TC01‐H61 14.80 4.40 8.50 39.36 0.19 4.63 MS2021TC01‐H62 15.80 6.20 7.94 34.52 0.16 4.35 MS2021TC01‐H63 15.13 4.22 5.96 28.34 0.14 4.76 MS2021TC01‐H64 15.28 4.51 6.94 31.68 0.16 4.56 MS2021TC02‐H46 13.66 4.50 7.55 42.62 0.18 5.65 MS2021TC02‐H47 19.59 2.98 4.74 28.56 0.10 6.03 MS2021TC02‐H48 18.54 2.85 4.58 30.43 0.10 6.64 MS2021TC02‐H49 15.72 2.98 4.81 27.90 0.12 5.80 MS2021TC02‐H50 12.02 4.42 9.14 40.96 0.23 4.48 MS2021TC02‐H52 15.57 4.42 8.82 41.45 0.19 4.70 MS2021TC02‐H53 11.21 4.65 10.39 45.37 0.26 4.37 MS2021TC02‐H54 12.62 3.02 4.90 27.71 0.14 5.66 MS2021TC02‐H55 12.16 3.00 5.30 27.88 0.16 5.26 MS2021TC02‐H118 12.1 5.36 13.04 45.79 0.28 3.51 MS2021TC02‐H121 12.91 3.81 6.16 28.95 0.16 4.70 MS2021TC02‐H122 14.76 4.84 7.96 36.44 0.18 4.58 MS2021TC02‐H125 14.35 4.70 4.50 34.96 0.11 7.77 注：测试单位：青海省有色地质测试中心。采用光谱–化学分析法测试，仪器为ICAP-6300 ICP等离子体发射光谱仪A-7，检出限0.001×10−2，可靠性良好。
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表 3 磨石沟锰矿区碳酸锰矿石微量元素及参数表
Table 3 Table of trace elements and parameters of manganese carbonate ore in Moshigou manganese mining area
样品编号 岩性 V（%） Co（%） Ni（%） Ni/Co V/（V+Ni） QZ01‐H07 锰矿石 0.0240 0.0047 0.0046 0.98 0.84 QZ01‐H14 锰矿石 0.0048 0.004 0.0038 0.95 0.56 QZ01‐H18 锰矿石 0.0100 0.0046 0.0032 0.70 0.76 QZ01‐H103 锰矿石 0.0050 0.0048 0.0035 0.73 0.59 ZK0001‐H01 底板千枚岩 0.0170 0.0021 0.0038 1.81 0.82 ZK0001‐H32 锰矿石 0.0045 0.0037 0.0033 0.89 0.58 ZK0001‐H96 顶板白云岩 0.0100 0.0023 0.0042 1.83 0.7 注：测试单位：青海省有色地质测试中心。主要采用X荧光法（XRF）测试，仪器为日本理学公司Primus-Ⅱ型，检出限5.96×10−6，可靠性良好。
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