Characteristics of Platinum Group Element in Neoproterozoic Mafic Intrusions in the Northern Margin of the Yangtze and Exploration Implications
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摘要:
扬子地块北缘的汉南地区是中国最重要的基性–超基性岩体分布区之一。新元古代毕机沟和望江山岩体是汉南地区出露最好、研究程度最高的两个层状基性岩体。毕机沟和望江山岩体被认为是由亏损地幔经历10%～20%部分熔融形成的。远高于原始地幔的Cu/Pd值（Cu/Pd毕机沟值为3.52×104～3.97×105，Cu/Pd望江山值为1.78×104～1.61×106），表明岩体母岩浆在侵入浅部地壳之前就经历了早期硫化物熔离。毕机沟岩体中铱族元素（IPGE）与全岩Ni呈正相关，Cu/Ir与Ni/Pd呈负相关，说明在浅部岩浆房硫化物未饱和时，铂族元素的分配主要受橄榄石控制。望江山岩体中铂族元素与全岩Ni、V、TiO2无相关性，Cu/Ir与Ni/Pd呈正相关，说明望江山岩体中铂族元素受二次熔离硫化物的控制。毕机沟和望江山岩体中矿物不具有定向性，加上望江山岩体中二次熔离出的硫化物中铂族元素依然亏损，说明这些岩体更可能是岩浆单次贯入冷却形成的，而非岩浆通道。因此，浅部可能不具备赋存大型矿床的条件，今后的找矿工作应该聚焦于更深部。
Abstract:Multiple layered mafic intrusions occur along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block, SW China. The Neoproterozoic Bijigou and Wangjiangshan mafic intrusions are two of the best exposed intrusions in the region. The Bijigou and Wangjiangshan mafic intrusions are thought to be generated by 10% to 20% of partial melting of a depleted mantle source. Uniformly high Cu/Pd (3.52×104～3.97×105 for the Bijigou samples and 1.78×104～1.61×106 for the Wangjiangshan samples) indicate that the parental magma of these intrusions experienced prior sulfide segregation before their intrusions into the shallow crust. Positive correlation between IPGE with whole–rock Ni, and negative correlation between Cu/Ir and Ni/Pd illustrate that the distribution of PGE is mainly controlled by the accumulation of olivine under an S–unsaturated condition. In comparison no linearly correlation between PGE and whole–rock Ni, V and TiO2, and positive correlation between Cu/Ir and Ni/Pd illustrate that the PGE in the Wangjiangshan intrusion is controlled by the second-stage sulfide saturation. The general lack of parallel alignment of tabular minerals in the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan intrusions, combined the PGE depletions in the Wangjiangshan second segregated sulfides, indicates that these intrusions probably intruded and cooled under a single episode of magma replenishment, rather than a dynamic magma conduit system. Therefore the shallow part may not have the conditions to host large deposits and future prospecting work should focus on the deeper part.
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Keywords:
- Neoproterozoic /
- mafic intrusion /
- PGE /
- sulfide segregation /
- Yangtze block
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图 1 扬子地块北缘毕机沟和望江山岩体地质图（据Dong et al.，2011；Wang et al.，2016修）
Figure 1. Geological map of the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan intrusions at the northern of the Yangtze block
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图 2 毕机沟和望江山岩体的野外照片和不同岩石类型的岩相学特征
a.毕机沟岩体的层状构造；b.毕机沟岩体磁铁辉长岩的背散射电子图像；c.毕机沟岩体的磁铁苏长岩；d.毕机沟岩体的橄榄辉长岩；e.望江山岩体的苏长辉长岩；f.望江山岩体的辉长岩；Ol.橄榄石；Mt.磁铁矿；Cpx.单斜辉石；Opx.斜方辉石；Pl.斜长石；Sil.硅酸盐矿物；Ilm.钛铁矿；Sul.硫化物
Figure 2. Field photos and petrographic characteristics of different rock types from the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan intrusions
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图 3 IPGE–Ni图解（a）、PPGE–Ni图解（b）、IPGE–V图解（c）、PPGE–V图解（d）、IPGE–TiO2（e）和PPGE–TiO2图解（f）
Figure 3. (a) IPGE–Ni, (b) PPGE–Ni, (c) IPGE–V, (d) PPGE–V, (e) IPGE–TiO2 and (f) PPGE–TiO2 binary plots
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图 4 世界典型层状侵入体（a）、毕机沟岩体（b）和望江山岩体（c）的铂族元素原始地幔标准化曲线
南非Bushveld岩体上部带和关键带铂族元素数据引自Barnes等（2004）；南非Stella岩体数据引自Maier等（2003）；加拿大Coldwall岩体数据引自Good等（1994）；加拿大Agnew岩体数据引自Vogel（1996）；MORB和OIB数据引自Barnes等（2005））；图4b和图4c虚线部分引自杨星等（1993）
Figure 4. (a) Primitive mantle-normalized platinum-group element diagrams of world classic PGE-bearing mafic intrusions,(b) the Bijigou intrusion and (c) the Wangjiangshan intrusion
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图 6 毕机沟和望江山岩体Ni/Pd–Cu/Ir相关图（投图区域引自Barnes et al., 1988，2005）
Figure 6. Ni/Pd–Cu/Ir plots of the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan intrusions
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图 7 扬子北缘汉南地区毕机沟和望江山岩体母岩浆演化与硫化物熔离过程模式图
Figure 7. Simplified model for the sulfide saturation history of the parental magma of the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan intrusions in the Hannan area, northern Yangtze Block, SW China
表 1 毕机沟岩体、望江山岩体样品主量（%）、微量元素（10−6）与稀土元素（10−6）组成分析结果表
Table 1 Major (%), trace element (10−6) and REE concentrations (10−6) analyses of the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan samples
样品号 WJS502 WJS503 WJS510 WJS516 WJS517 WJS519 WJS606 WJS612 WJS614 BJG502 BJG503 BJG507 BJG514 BJG516 BJG522 岩性 橄榄
辉长岩辉长
苏长岩橄榄
辉长苏
长岩橄榄
苏长岩橄榄
苏长岩橄榄
苏长岩磁铁
辉长岩辉长
苏长岩辉长
岩磁铁
含橄辉
长岩磁铁
辉长岩橄榄
辉长岩辉长
岩磁铁
辉长岩磁铁
辉长苏
长岩SiO2 48.0 51.0 45.1 45.0 45.0 46.3 42.9 51.1 48.4 41.9 42.8 44.3 35.8 43.0 41.7 TiO2 0.33 1.06 1.12 0.31 0.50 1.27 2.98 1.14 1.14 2.41 2.24 0.57 4.55 4.52 3.57 Al2O3 20.9 18.3 16.9 18.2 13.5 18.5 14.5 16.0 16.8 15.2 13.8 17.3 14.2 15.5 14.7 TFe2O3 6.32 8.57 12.7 9.63 12.7 10.9 17.1 9.81 10.9 18.9 17.3 14.1 27.0 16.7 17.1 MnO 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.16 0.14 0.27 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.22 0.17 0.26 0.20 0.26 MgO 7.39 7.31 9.33 13.7 18.3 8.93 5.92 6.18 8.28 5.91 6.84 10.5 4.42 6.05 6.23 CaO 13.9 10.2 12.5 9.49 7.42 10.5 10.9 8.72 10.2 11.4 12.8 8.55 9.10 11.1 11.3 Na2O 2.06 2.95 1.76 1.77 1.59 2.60 2.92 3.38 2.98 2.28 2.09 2.06 2.09 2.38 2.44 K2O 0.16 0.22 0.05 0.16 0.27 0.19 0.44 1.65 0.31 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.09 0.11 P2O5 0.05 0.16 0.20 0.06 0.10 0.18 1.08 0.19 0.14 0.05 1.09 0.05 0.33 0.07 2.00 LOI 0.38 0.23 0.21 1.07 0.73 0.16 0.87 1.32 0.34 0.99 0.36 2.01 1.41 -0.07 -0.30 Total 99.51 99.61 99.94 99.53 99.98 99.55 99.83 99.62 99.62 99.32 99.55 99.64 99.24 99.53 99.24 Li 3.81 4.21 2.75 5.14 5.67 4.71 6.90 14.0 8.96 4.78 2.91 3.18 6.11 3.24 5.76 Be 0.32 0.37 0.27 0.28 0.35 0.47 1.11 0.92 0.59 0.21 0.23 0.17 0.20 0.20 0.25 Sc 28.9 27.6 33.1 11.6 15.1 26.3 42.2 31.8 32.5 44.8 56.8 12.4 39.2 49.2 43.1 V 88.9 86.0 282 70.8 88.5 191 361 166 197 729 472 177 716 406 330 Cr 419 195 233 503 467 198 22.6 192 264 5.41 5.37 46.6 6.70 5.77 8.35 Co 47.2 37.4 67.2 74.9 95.9 66.4 52.0 39.8 57.2 83.3 56.0 86.1 56.7 50.0 46.3 Ni 125 65.3 162 338 466 197 21.4 52.8 91.6 5.59 5.38 58.5 2.60 18.5 4.43 Cu 53.1 8.67 83.4 42.4 23.8 44.0 63.1 45.1 62.2 20.2 20.5 38.6 20.2 28.2 13.5 Zn 39.1 55.6 85.0 62.2 83.5 71.8 157 87.0 78.0 98.9 109 79.7 180 89.2 116 Ga 16.2 16.5 16.8 12.7 11.0 16.2 21.5 18.2 16.9 20.3 18.8 15.2 24.5 17.6 19.3 Ge 1.07 1.20 1.25 0.95 1.09 1.24 1.62 1.50 1.43 1.41 1.59 1.08 1.39 1.39 1.49 Rb 2.37 2.06 0.53 2.28 4.80 2.32 2.17 30.0 3.12 1.85 1.58 1.31 2.34 0.78 0.97 Sr 557 638 528 374 281 312 423 237 270 425 422 364 513 457 542 Y 9.45 12.2 13.1 5.66 9.49 20.6 64.4 41.0 26.1 8.48 21.7 3.38 8.08 7.60 26.0 Zr 25.1 37.2 16.5 21.7 43.0 64.2 177 257 107 12.3 15.7 6.55 9.72 20.4 15.8 Nb 0.91 2.20 0.50 1.00 2.20 2.58 19.6 7.19 3.35 0.44 0.60 0.28 0.49 1.34 1.43 Cs 0.09 0.08 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.06 0.08 0.66 0.12 0.27 0.17 0.62 0.69 0.35 0.35 Ba 88.6 120 55.6 69.6 93.4 124 220 907 126 47.0 50.9 45.4 43.1 45.1 59.4 La 4.08 3.81 4.07 3.21 5.31 4.83 30.0 15.3 6.68 1.56 6.07 1.30 1.92 1.46 8.38 Ce 9.38 9.21 10.7 7.06 12.0 13.0 75.6 38.1 16.9 4.02 16.4 2.87 4.92 3.69 23.5 Pr 1.31 1.33 1.67 0.93 1.58 2.03 10.7 5.18 2.47 0.65 2.59 0.39 0.79 0.59 3.63 Nd 6.24 6.67 8.79 4.20 7.04 10.5 50.2 23.9 12.1 3.73 14.1 1.89 4.56 3.43 20.1 Sm 1.61 1.80 2.34 0.99 1.64 2.99 12.0 6.06 3.50 1.21 3.87 0.49 1.36 1.11 5.32 Eu 0.83 1.25 1.04 0.53 0.60 1.26 3.27 1.79 1.37 0.68 1.43 0.40 0.89 0.70 2.17 Gd 1.78 2.13 2.60 1.06 1.75 3.43 12.4 6.51 4.08 1.48 4.42 0.57 1.67 1.39 5.99 Tb 0.28 0.35 0.42 0.17 0.28 0.59 1.94 1.09 0.71 0.26 0.69 0.09 0.27 0.23 0.89 Dy 1.78 2.19 2.53 1.05 1.72 3.62 11.7 6.98 4.55 1.62 4.07 0.61 1.59 1.48 5.06 Ho 0.37 0.45 0.51 0.22 0.36 0.76 2.31 1.46 0.94 0.33 0.81 0.13 0.32 0.30 0.98 Er 1.02 1.30 1.39 0.62 1.04 2.12 6.40 4.28 2.68 0.93 2.18 0.37 0.86 0.83 2.46 Tm 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.09 0.15 0.31 0.89 0.64 0.39 0.13 0.28 0.05 0.11 0.11 0.30 Yb 0.90 1.21 1.15 0.58 0.97 1.93 5.50 4.30 2.54 0.81 1.68 0.35 0.67 0.72 1.74 Lu 0.13 0.18 0.16 0.09 0.15 0.29 0.80 0.65 0.37 0.12 0.24 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.24 Hf 0.71 0.92 0.59 0.54 1.07 1.65 4.45 5.28 2.68 0.43 0.56 0.19 0.35 0.59 0.49 Ta 0.08 0.18 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.21 0.92 0.33 0.21 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.15 Pb 1.19 1.09 0.58 2.35 1.96 1.14 2.35 4.83 3.98 0.78 1.01 2.51 0.66 0.62 0.71 Th 0.22 0.18 0.05 0.19 0.53 0.19 0.47 1.02 0.47 0.06 0.23 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.21 U 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.12 0.05 0.14 0.32 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.06 
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表 2 毕机沟岩体、望江山岩体样品铂族元素组成表（10−9）
Table 2 Platinum group element concentrations of the Bijigou and Wangjiangshan samples (10−9)
样品号 岩性 Ir Ru Pt Pd ΣPGE WJS502 橄榄辉长岩 0.010 0.040 0.088 0.186 0.325 WJS503 辉长苏长岩 0.019 0.071 0.424 0.486 1.000 WJS510 橄榄辉长苏长岩 0.025 0.078 0.762 0.292 1.158 WJS516 橄榄苏长岩 0.012 0.043 0.459 0.265 0.779 WJS517 橄榄苏长岩 0.012 0.044 0.263 1.193 1.513 WJS519 橄榄苏长岩 0.039 0.137 0.459 1.981 2.616 WJS606 磁铁辉长岩 0.003 0.057 0.070 0.081 0.211 WJS612 辉长苏长岩 0.005 0.062 0.029 0.028 0.125 WJS614 辉长岩 0.003 0.033 0.027 0.092 0.155 BJG502 磁铁含橄辉长岩 0.005 0.039 0.080 0.179 0.304 BJG503 磁铁辉长岩 0.022 0.034 0.298 0.148 0.503 BJG507 橄榄辉长岩 0.089 0.149 1.208 1.097 2.544 BJG514 辉长岩 0.005 0.056 0.071 0.113 0.246 BJG516 磁铁辉长岩 0.027 0.046 0.211 0.071 0.354 BJG522 磁铁辉长苏长岩 0.005 0.032 0.050 0.066 0.153
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