Taking Fanziping–Cuijiapo section of Xiangning County, Shanxi Province as an example, a method of optimizing territorial spatial planning based on geological hazard risk assessment is proposed by combining “barrel effect” theory with “double–control of point and zone” system of geological disaster risk. This method is based on 1∶10,000 geological disaster risk assessment and combined with “double–control of point and zone” system of geological disaster risk, taking slope, river distance, geological disaster risk zoning and disaster range of geological disaster hidden danger point as the short board factors in the barrel effect. According to the order of strictly controlled development zone, moderate development zone and priority development zone from high to low, the highest grade value of each weakness factor in the same plot is taken as the result value of optimizing

territorial space planning of the plot. The results show that strictly controlled development zones in the study area account for 26.67%, moderate development zones account for 54.81%, and priority development zones account for 18.52%. Theoretically, it shows that the study area is dominated by priority development zones and moderate development zones, which has great development potential. The proposed optimization method can conveniently and effectively complete territorial space planning in large scale mountainous areas, and the research results can provide a reference for similar areas to carry out territorial space planning.