Abstract: Watershed ecosystem is a territorial spatial geographic unit with clear boundary, which is mainly linked by surface water and groundwater, and is the best implementation unit of territorial spatial ecological restoration. Based on the theory of watershed ecological restoration, taking the Jialu River basin in the Loess Plateau as the research object, on the basis of a comprehensive and objective understanding of the current situation and ecological problems of the watershed ecological environment, and in accordance with the concept of "conserving water and soil resources and restoring natural ecology", the watershed is divided into 8 restoration units, and 13 types of engineering measures are implemented, 4 subprojects will be deployed to form an integrated protection and restoration system for small watershed landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, and systematically protect and restore the life community of watershed landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand. The research results show that the ecological protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand in the basin will help to control the fragile ecosystem, serious water and soil loss, prominent water pollution in industrial and mining areas and cities, mines left over from history, low quality of agricultural land, weak ecological protection and restoration capacity in the Jialu River basin and its coastal areas, effectively alleviate the situation of water and soil loss, reduce sediment inflow into the Yellow River, and continuously improve the quality of the ecological environment in the basin, To enhance the stability of the life community of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass and sand, improve the ecosystem service function, and build the ecological security barrier in the north of China are of great significance for the ecological protection and restoration of the watershed in the Loess Plateau.