Abstract: In order to analyze the paleo-oceanic environment of carbonate rocks of Carboniferous-Permian Amushan Formation in Yingen-Ejin Banner basin, and provide theoretical basis for oil and gas exploration. Taking the Wuliji Taolai section as an example, this paper discusses the paleo-ocean environment and oil and gas exploration prospect of carbonate rocks of the Amushan Formation based on petrologic and geochemical data. The geochemical characteristics show that the terrigenous elements of carbonate rocks of the Amushan Formation are relatively low. There is no obvious correlation between characteristic values of rare earth elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes. The influence of terrigenous materials, diagenesis, and hydrothermal is weak. The geochemical data can reasonably indicate the paleo-oceanic environment of the carbonate rocks. The carbonate rocks of the Amushan Formation were deposited in normal marine environments with warm or hot subtropical climate. The paleo-oxygen facies were in a weak oxidation-weak reduction environment. The paleo-sea temperature ranged from 13.22℃ to 34.60℃, with an average of 21.35℃. The distribution of carbonate rocks and hydrocarbon generation conditions indicate that Amushan Formation has good oil and gas exploration prospects.