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三峡库区典型岩石土壤中重(类)金属迁移富集特征研究及风险评价

邵璐, 刘洪, 欧阳渊, 张景华, 高文龙, 刘小念, 宋雯洁, 吴君毅, 苏悦

邵璐,刘洪,欧阳渊,等. 三峡库区典型岩石土壤中重(类)金属迁移富集特征研究及风险评价[J]. 西北地质,2025,58(1):204−218. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023175
引用本文: 邵璐,刘洪,欧阳渊,等. 三峡库区典型岩石土壤中重(类)金属迁移富集特征研究及风险评价[J]. 西北地质,2025,58(1):204−218. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023175
SHAO Lu,LIU Hong,OUYANG Yuan,et al. Study on Migration and Enrichment Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Metalloids) in Rock-Parent Material- Soil: Taking Typical Rock-Soil Profiles in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as Examples[J]. Northwestern Geology,2025,58(1):204−218. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023175
Citation: SHAO Lu,LIU Hong,OUYANG Yuan,et al. Study on Migration and Enrichment Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Metalloids) in Rock-Parent Material- Soil: Taking Typical Rock-Soil Profiles in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as Examples[J]. Northwestern Geology,2025,58(1):204−218. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023175

三峡库区典型岩石土壤中重(类)金属迁移富集特征研究及风险评价

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(92055314,42272106,42202105),中国地质调查项目“(DD20221776, DD20230093,DD20220971,DD20230247, ZD20220301),宁夏生态地质调查示范项目(NXCZ20220201),广东省地质勘查与城市地质专项([2022]-21)、国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2901903),国际地球科学计划(IGCP 741)和西南地质科技创新中心刘宝珺院士基金联合资助。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    邵璐(1999−),女,硕士研究生,主要从事生态地质、地球探测技术研究。E−mail:lshaolu@163.com

    通讯作者:

    欧阳渊(1982−),男,正高级工程师,博士,硕士生导师,主要从事遥感地质、生态地质研究。E−mail:oyangyuan@mail.cgs.gov.cn。

  • 中图分类号: [P66]

Study on Migration and Enrichment Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals (Metalloids) in Rock-Parent Material- Soil: Taking Typical Rock-Soil Profiles in Three Gorges Reservoir Area as Examples

  • 摘要:

    笔者选取长江重点生区三峡库区(重庆段)4条典型岩石−土壤剖面,分析风化成土过程中重(类)金属元素(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As、Hg)的迁移富集特征,探索该地段的典型健康风险。结果表明:①研究区侏罗纪碎屑岩风化剖面土壤呈弱碱性,二叠纪碳酸盐岩风化剖面土壤呈酸性、弱酸性,二叠纪碳酸盐岩母质土壤中各种元素含量基本高于侏罗纪碎屑岩母质土壤,8种重(类)金属元素含量均值都没有超过管制值。②同类土壤剖面中多种元素具有相似的迁移富集特征,各种元素的迁移富集规律受到成土母岩自身特性、淋溶淀积作用、黏土矿物吸附作用、大气降尘、元素地球化学性质和pH等多重因素的影响。③内梅罗综合污染指数显示研究区TP0301、TP0302剖面整体状况良好,无污染。TP0501和TP0502剖面由于元素Cd和As轻度超标造成轻度污染。④健康风险评价表明,儿童比成人更容易受到重(类)金属元素威胁,通过手−口摄入是土壤污染元素对人体引起非致癌健康风险的主要途径,研究区致癌风险较低,但 Cr 的重金属致癌健康风险指数 CR接近 1×10−6 ,应当引起关注。综合分析评价认为,研究区土壤整体状况良好,但二叠纪碳酸盐岩风化土壤剖面存在轻微的污染现象,考虑到研究区内居民的生命健康安全,建议加强二叠纪碳酸盐岩风化剖面中的类金属As和重金属Cr的监测关注。

    Abstract:

    Four typical rock-soil profiles in the key ecological area of the Yangtze River (Chongqing section) were selected to explore the migration and enrichment characteristics of heavy metal elements ( Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cd, As, Hg ) in the process of weathering and soil formation, and to explore the typical health risks in this area. The results show that the soil in the Jurassic clastic rock weathering profile in the study area is weakly alkaline, and the soil in the Permian carbonate rock weathering profile is acidic and weakly acidic. The content of various elements in the Permian carbonate rock parent material soil is basically higher than that in the Jurassic clastic rock parent material soil, and the average content of eight heavy metal elements does not exceed the control value; Various elements in the same soil profile have similar migration and enrichment characteristics. The migration and enrichment of various elements are affected by multiple factors such as the characteristics of the parent rock, leaching and deposition, clay mineral adsorption, atmospheric dustfall, elemental geochemical properties and pH; The Nemero comprehensive pollution index shows that the TP0301 and TP0302 profiles in the study area are in good condition and pollution-free. The TP0501 and TP0502 profiles were slightly polluted due to the light exceeding of Cd and As; Health risk assessment showed that children were more susceptible to heavy metal elements than adults. Hand-mouth ingestion was the main way of soil pollution elements causing non-carcinogenic health risks. The carcinogenic risk in the study area was low, but the carcinogenic health risk index CR of Cr was close to 1 × 10−6, which should be concerned. According to the comprehensive analysis and evaluation, the soil in the study area is in good condition as a whole, but there is slight pollution in the weathering soil profile of Permian carbonate rocks. Considering the life and health safety of residents in the study area, it is suggested to strengthen the monitoring of metalloid As and heavy metal Cr in the weathering profile of Permian carbonate rocks. However, the carcinogenic health risk index of Cr is close to 1 × 10−6, which should be concerned.

  • 研究区南临祁连造山带,北接中亚造山带,其所处构造环境的特殊性对区域构造演化及板块运动有着重大意义。该地区岩浆演化期次及构造背景研究较为薄弱且存在较大争议,前人通过对合黎山地区五坝和张家窑岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及同位素地球化学特征研究,其年龄介于432~397 Ma,为中志留世—早泥盆世,认为阿拉善地块西南缘早古生代很可能受控于祁连造山带的构造演化,处于后碰撞拉伸环境(王增振等,2020);通过对龙首山西山头窑地区三期岩体锆石U-Pb年代学研究,其年龄介于304.3~281.2 Ma,为晚石炭世—早二叠世,处于弧后洋盆闭合过程,是古亚洲洋向南俯冲的结果(董国强等,2022);而强利刚等(2019)认为龙首山地壳在晚古生代处于拉伸的稳定阶段。对合黎山地区岩浆岩形成时代及构造环境研究存在重要意义。龙首山成矿带区内侵入岩发育广泛,主要为酸性、中酸性岩石,主要岩性以花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩等为主(张甲民等,2017),前人对龙首山成矿带的研究工作主要以东段为主,且主要集中在早古生代(牛宇奔等,2018刘文恒等,2019王增振等,2020)。而不同构造环境下的侵入岩具有不同的地球化学特征及同位素特征,能有效反映其岩浆源区及构造演化等重要信息。笔者在前人工作基础上对该区花岗闪长岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素特征的研究,确定该岩体形成时代并探讨这些黑云母花岗闪长岩的成因问题及龙首山成矿带西南缘构造环境特征。

    合黎山地处阿拉善地块龙首山成矿带西南缘,大地构造位置属于华北板块西南边缘(图1a)(谭文娟等,2012),北以龙首山北缘断裂与潮水中新生代断陷相邻(汤中立等,1999),南以南缘断裂与走廊过渡带分开。区内成矿条件有利(焦建刚等,2007)。龙首山成矿带是中国西北重要的铀成矿带(王承花,2010),同时中国著名的金川镍矿也位于该成矿带内(强利刚等,2019张照伟等,2023)。

    图  1  阿拉善地块大地构造简图(a)及罗城地区地质简图(b)
    Figure  1.  (a) Geostructural map of Alxa Block and (b) geological map of Luocheng Area

    区内地质构造复杂,次级构造发育,逆冲构造及伸展构造叠加,总体构造为NWW向(甘肃省地质局,1974),出露地层包括前震旦系龙首山群的角闪岩相–绿片岩相变质岩等中级区域变质岩系,其与上覆地层均为不整合接触;震旦系下统及中上统的云母石英片岩、变粒岩及变质砂岩、大理岩等为主的浅变质岩,其下统与中—上统之间多为断层接触;侏罗系青土井群的砂岩、砂砾岩等为主的陆源碎屑岩夹煤层,其与上覆地层及下伏地层均为不整合接触;白垩系以砂砾岩、泥岩等为主的碎屑岩;第三系以砾岩、含砾砂岩为主的沉积岩及第四系松散堆积物(图1b)。

    测区内岩浆岩发育广泛,主要为酸性、中酸性岩石为主,侵入活动主要是在加里东中期及华力西期,以华力西期侵入岩最为发育,主要岩性以花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、英云闪长岩等为主,其中以花岗闪长岩出露最为广泛,其次为英云闪长岩。罗城岩体主要为花岗闪长岩发育,其中可见花岗岩、闪长岩呈脉状发育。区内五坝和张家窑岩体锆石U-Pb年代学年龄介于432~397 Ma,为中志留世—早泥盆世(王增振等,2020);西山头窑地区岩体锆石U-Pb年代学年龄介于304.3~281.2 Ma,为晚石炭世—早二叠世。

    罗城岩体主要位于甘肃省高台县罗城镇北侧,其岩性主要为黑云母花岗闪长岩,野外岩体出露较为完整,笔者选取了合黎山地区高台县罗城幅的黑云母花岗闪长岩进行锆石U-Pb定年分析,共采集样品5件,其中岩石年龄同位素样品1件,并在岩石年龄同位素样品采集处配套采集岩石地球化学样品4件。样品采集地理坐标:E 99°43′39″,N 39°46′30″和E 99°41′43″,N 39°48′20″。为确保锆石数据准确性,样品均为未风化蚀变的新鲜岩石。

    岩石新鲜面为灰白色,具半自形粒状结构,块状构造(图2a)。主要矿物及含量:斜长石(45%),石英(20%),碱性长石(15%),普通角闪石(15%),黑云母(5%)。斜长石粒径约0.30~1.30 mm,呈半形粒状、板状,具聚片双晶,表面浑浊,微裂隙发育,次生绢云母化,均匀分布。碱性长石粒径约0.20~1.10,呈半自形板状,具卡式双晶,少量分布。石英粒径约0.10~2.00 mm,呈他形粒状,波状消光,沿长石粒间分布。普通角闪石粒径约0.20~1.60 mm,呈他形柱状,黄褐色,截面呈菱面体状,具角闪石式解理,绿泥石化,沿长英质粒间定向分布。黑云母粒径约0.15~2.25 mm,呈鳞片状、片状,褐黄色-红褐色,沿长英质粒间定向分布。副矿物有磷灰石、绿帘石(图2b、图2c、图2d)。

    图  2  黑云母花岗闪长岩手标本及镜下照片
    a.黑云母花岗闪长岩手标本; (b,d).正交偏光镜下特征; c.单偏光镜下特征;Qtz.石英; Bt.黑云母; P1.斜长石; Kfs.钾长石; Hbl.角闪石
    Figure  2.  Biotite granodiorite hand specimen and microscopic photograph

    样品的锆石挑选、制靶、CL照相由西安瑞石地质科技有限公司完成,采用标准重矿物分离技术分选出重矿物,随后在双目镜下挑选出锆石颗粒,将不同特征的锆石颗粒粘在双面胶上,并用无色透明的环氧树脂固定,待其固化之后将表面抛光至锆石内部暴露。然后拍摄阴极发光图像、透射光图像和反射光图像,选取分析点位。

    锆石U-Pb定年和Hf同位素组成分析在中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室完成。锆石U-Pb定年在LA-ICP-MS仪器上用标准测定程序进行,样品采用激光剥蚀等离子体质谱仪原位分析锆石微区的铀铅比值(206Pb/238U、207Pb/235U和207Pb/206Pb)(李艳广等,2015)并通过Glitter计算程序计算锆石的年龄及标准偏差;应用Isoplot(Ludwig, 2003)计算程序对锆石样品的206Pb/238U年龄和207Pb/235U年龄在谐和图上进行投图,并计算谐和年龄测点的加权平均值。

    锆石Hf同位素组成运用Neptune型多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和GeolasPro型激光剥蚀系统联用的方法完成(袁洪林等,2007),所选测试位置均与锆石U-Pb测点位置相近,测试束斑直径为32 μm,采用国际标准锆石91500进行监控和样品外部校正。

    主量元素和微量元素分析测试在中国地质调查局西安矿产资源调查中心完成,主量元素采用X荧光光谱仪进行分析,稀土和微量元素采用等离子质谱仪进行分析,测试结果见表1

    表  1  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)、微量元素(10−6)、稀土元素(10−6)分析结果表
    Table  1.  Analysis results of major elements (%), trace elements (10−6) and rare earth elements (10−6) in Luocheng biotite granodiorite
    样品编号LCYT03LCYT04LCYT05LCYT06
    SiO2 59.84 58.75 58.52 59.09
    Al2O3 16.91 17.25 17.28 17.28
    Fe2O3 7.13 7.82 7.55 7.61
    CaO 6.33 6.70 6.93 6.68
    MgO 3.13 3.38 3.53 3.34
    K2O 1.87 1.49 1.49 1.54
    Na2O 2.52 2.60 2.55 2.60
    P2O5 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.15
    TiO2 0.68 0.74 0.77 0.75
    MnO 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14
    LOI 1.03 0.74 0.85 0.60
    总和 99.70 99.76 99.75 99.79
    K2O+Na2O 4.40 4.09 4.04 4.15
    K2O/Na2O 0.74 0.57 0.59 0.59
    δ 1.15 1.06 1.05 1.07
    A/NK 2.74 2.93 2.98 2.9
    A/CNK 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97
    Rb 61.1 49.2 40.6 46.9
    Th 3.37 4.58 5.70 8.46
    U 0.79 0.72 0.74 0.75
    Nb 4.48 4.76 4.64 4.64
    Sr 376 429 413 403
    Zr 84.3 112 88.6 118
    Hf 2.34 2.79 2.23 2.97
    F 454 320 663 360
    Sn <1.80 <1.80 <1.80 <1.80
    Cr 12.9 17.6 14.1 14.1
    Li 16.8 18.3 17.3 17.4
    Be 0.76 0.87 0.86 0.79
    V 166 186 180 174
    Co 15.3 16.2 15.6 15.3
    Ni 8.36 10.9 11.2 10.4
    Ga 16.6 17.7 16.3 16.4
    Cs 2.52 2.92 2.69 3.15
    Ta 0.33 0.35 0.34 0.35
    W 2.30 1.91 1.81 1.80
    Bi 0.073 0.070 <0.050 0.057
    La 12.0 14.3 12.5 12.5
    Ce 27.1 28.9 25.5 25.7
    Pr 3.60 3.59 3.32 3.21
    Nd 16.4 15.3 14.6 14.1
    Sm 3.91 3.37 3.28 3.14
    Eu 1.05 1.07 1.05 1.03
    Gd 4.14 3.54 3.49 3.41
    Tb 0.66 0.55 0.54 0.52
    Dy 4.04 3.28 3.24 3.15
    Ho 0.83 0.68 0.67 0.65
    Er 2.54 2.03 2.02 1.95
    Tm 0.36 0.29 0.29 0.28
    Yb 2.33 1.88 1.87 1.84
    Lu 0.36 0.30 0.30 0.29
    Y 21.3 17.2 16.9 16.4
    ΣREE 79.32 79.08 72.67 71.77
    LREE 64.06 66.53 60.25 59.68
    HREE 15.26 12.55 12.42 12.09
    LREE/HREE 4.20 5.30 4.85 4.94
    (La/Yb)N 3.69 5.46 4.79 4.87
    δEu 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.96
    δCe 1.01 0.99 0.97 0.99
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    样品的锆石颗粒的CL图像(图3)显示所选的锆石为透明的自形晶体,为无色透明或浅黄色,大部分锆石结晶较好,短柱状晶形,阴极发光电子图像特征均显示出典型的岩浆结晶韵律环带结构。

    图  3  锆石样品测点CL照片
    Figure  3.  CL photograph of the zircon sample

    本次所选锆石样品25颗,均为有效样品,黑云母花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb分析测试结果见表2,锆石Th含量为34.81×10−6~129.66×10−6,U含量为52.88×10−6~147.36×10−6,Th/U值为0.55~0.97,均大于0.4,说明锆石为岩浆成因(吴元保等,2004)。锆石微量元素测试结果见表3,其显示出重稀土富集,相对亏损轻稀土元素的特征,显示典型的岩浆锆石成因特征(Hoskin,2000)。锆石谐和图反映出锆石U-Pb年龄数据分布比较集中且谐和程度较好(图4a),所有数据协和度均符合要求,证明数据均有效。通过数据分析得到206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(289±3)Ma,(MSWD=0.57),代表岩浆结晶年龄(图4b)。

    表  2  罗城花岗闪长岩(LCYT01)锆石LA-ICP-MS测年结果
    Table  2.  Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating results of Luocheng granodiorite (LCYT01)
    测点号含量(10−6Th/U同位素比值同位素年龄
    PbThU207Pb/206Pb±1δ207Pb/235U±1δ206Pb/238U±1δ208Pb/232Th±1δ207Pb/206Pb±1δ207Pb/235U±1δ206Pb/238U±1δ208Pb/232Th±1δ
    LCYT00115.9679.2881.670.970.051530.004230.320790.025510.045110.001020.014520.00048264.4177.81282.519.61284.56.28291.39.56
    LCYT00214.2547.2872.220.650.052020.00460.329390.028270.045890.001080.012690.00063286.1189.7289.121.59289.26.6825512.64
    LCYT00312.0434.8163.550.550.05240.006970.324630.042270.04490.001340.013750.00088302.7277.82285.532.4283.28.26276.117.48
    LCYT00419.9293.9998.060.960.049230.004980.317720.031380.046780.001140.014320.00059158.7220.85280.124.18294.77.05287.511.7
    LCYT00511.3741.9157.970.720.05170.007620.333650.048170.046780.001520.016110.00095272.2306.78292.436.67294.79.3932318.95
    LCYT00616.7980.9285.360.950.050210.004380.312610.026510.045130.001030.013450.00049204.9190.68276.220.51284.66.352709.73
    LCYT00727.09129.66147.360.880.054120.003560.3420.02160.045820.000960.013840.00042375.8141.54298.716.34288.85.93277.88.4
    LCYT00812.5145.5565.960.690.050290.00430.320150.02660.046160.001060.015350.00062208.3187.1628220.46290.96.51307.812.31
    LCYT00913.6945.6872.340.630.051530.004440.330810.027630.046560.001090.015190.00068264.4186.14290.221.08293.36.73304.713.59
    LCYT01012.6846.0266.650.690.051150.004720.330380.02970.046850.001110.014570.00063247.4199.46289.922.67295.16.83292.512.53
    LCYT01113.0949.9268.970.720.047920.005630.309370.035630.046820.001220.014730.0008794.2257.92273.727.632957.49295.617.3
    LCYT01212.5347.865.530.730.05210.004820.336830.030330.046890.001120.016060.00063289.7198294.823.04295.46.8732212.57
    LCYT01318.3192.7198.110.940.051780.00390.329560.023990.046180.0010.013620.00044275.6163.56289.218.322916.19273.38.78
    LCYT0141993.38105.350.890.053290.003980.32730.023580.044570.000990.014330.00046340.9160.32287.518.04281.16.09287.69.21
    LCYT01515.1651.5380.720.640.049480.004120.305210.024720.044760.000980.014240.00055170.8183.56270.519.23282.36.06285.711.06
    LCYT01614.0155.4376.330.730.05030.005370.308480.032080.044510.001180.012860.00065209229.9627324.9280.77.27258.212.91
    LCYT01711.345.8860.720.760.052390.004990.332310.030790.046040.001150.012880.0006302.4203.45291.323.47290.17.1258.611.9
    LCYT01816.3873.4288.240.830.053210.00370.32920.022010.04490.000960.014090.00044337.7149.5228916.81283.25.92282.78.81
    LCYT01915.8176.5880.920.950.051660.003780.328130.023170.04610.000990.014660.00044270.4159.18288.117.72290.66.07294.28.75
    LCYT02013.253.4268.410.780.050230.004230.315340.025820.045570.001030.01510.00054205.7184.61278.319.93287.36.36302.910.68
    LCYT02110.7736.8552.880.700.050950.00440.322250.027020.045920.001050.013670.00064238.6187.4283.620.75289.46.46274.312.67
    LCYT02213.9547.6168.780.690.052830.003880.343720.024360.047240.001020.013890.00055321.3157.9430018.41297.66.25278.810.94
    LCYT02323.03103.73117.270.880.052350.003130.336940.019260.046730.000940.014210.00041300.6130.55294.914.63294.45.77285.28.1
    LCYT02416.8156.8885.690.660.053870.003470.341950.021130.046090.000950.013370.00048365.6138.52298.615.99290.55.83268.49.65
    LCYT02514.867.0576.380.880.052030.003840.330110.023590.046080.000990.014190.00047286.8160.34289.718290.46.11284.89.33
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    表  3  罗城花岗闪长岩锆石分析点位微量元素(10−6)测试结果
    Table  3.  Test results of trace elements (10−6) at zircon analysis points of Luocheng granodiorite
    测点号NbLaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuTa
    LCYT0011.100.068.230.050.230.491.2827.740.78107.2740.27181.1235.88339.1766.630.28
    LCYT0020.490.046.690.032.073.330.4011.138.8267.1426.56126.0227.32290.7857.980.24
    LCYT0030.610.006.260.020.492.640.297.434.6545.1617.3587.1319.02192.3638.240.27
    LCYT0040.630.069.250.080.440.691.1525.903.00112.8844.64196.4439.56377.0971.610.26
    LCYT0050.550.006.420.031.794.980.368.459.9940.5119.2787.5319.76189.5237.300.23
    LCYT0060.520.019.030.050.631.340.9124.923.67102.5838.80175.9835.30323.6465.730.28
    LCYT0070.460.0217.040.111.552.650.8524.046.96113.4945.17206.5843.34418.8482.250.41
    LCYT0081.370.007.310.031.493.080.4610.508.6950.8520.8697.3221.63218.5042.570.30
    LCYT0090.530.047.760.020.671.580.247.994.0643.0818.5685.8119.58193.5236.740.31
    LCYT0100.650.007.390.030.401.280.2411.383.4352.6720.9798.2122.28213.9442.280.26
    LCYT0110.670.017.650.050.442.140.4311.654.0854.2422.14101.0221.59221.8241.650.21
    LCYT0120.580.247.210.070.731.880.489.624.4351.7020.95100.7022.19222.3343.830.39
    LCYT0133.010.019.210.081.562.820.9524.933.94113.5645.37198.1541.36399.3271.970.38
    LCYT0140.660.019.650.071.793.631.1528.879.60117.6544.48198.8541.00392.0576.110.34
    LCYT0150.580.008.440.022.164.680.3310.509.8352.8820.95100.9822.47230.3244.420.31
    LCYT0160.740.007.730.040.491.290.4012.464.0861.4326.20120.9726.57261.9652.640.38
    LCYT0170.730.006.930.020.872.130.4312.065.0454.0723.41106.0523.33232.8844.250.33
    LCYT0180.840.018.090.060.571.820.8320.894.5892.5836.57172.3935.31347.5267.400.29
    LCYT0190.610.008.040.061.533.320.9726.287.25103.3341.09175.9336.48349.5666.290.23
    LCYT0200.470.007.310.021.725.060.3914.228.7863.2324.83115.4925.21238.9145.300.22
    LCYT0210.570.015.700.020.691.870.5310.945.1553.1621.38104.6222.91221.5645.690.30
    LCYT0220.530.046.600.030.271.730.4612.333.8967.2425.79122.8627.12273.0052.930.28
    LCYT0230.700.049.560.090.571.921.1827.415.00122.9649.00227.3746.39456.0789.130.38
    LCYT0241.140.048.630.021.854.190.289.3010.4948.6820.0695.2320.74214.1041.880.34
    LCYT0251.120.027.630.071.412.911.0422.234.0193.4736.23160.6534.00327.8865.050.25
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    图  4  锆石样品U-Pb谐和图
    Figure  4.  U-Pb Concord diagram of zircon samples

    在LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年的基础上,对黑云母花岗闪长岩样品25颗锆石测点进行了锆石微区Hf同位素测定。测点的数据分析结果(表4)。176Yb/177Hf值介于0.0122223510.042050552176Lu/177Hf值介于0.000424710.001378472,均小于0.002,说明锆石在形成后具有很少的放射成因Hf的积累。因此,锆石 176Hf/177Hf值可能代表该锆石形成时的176Hf/177Hf值(吴福元等,2007),176Hf/177Hf值介于0.2827260480.282787588εHf(t)值均为正值,介于+4.37~+6.88,平均为+5.6,通过锆石Hf同位素εHf(t)-U-Pb年龄t(Ma)图解(图5a),测点均落在球粒陨石–亏损地幔之间,反映其源区为年轻的幔源组分或新生地壳,Hf同位素一阶段模式年龄T(DM1)分布范围为615.4~703.0 Ma,平均值为660.5 Ma,地壳模式年龄T(DMC)分布范围为808.6~952.5 Ma,平均值为882.8 Ma,地壳模式年龄T(DMC)较集中(图5b)。

    表  4  黑云母花岗闪长岩锆石Hf同位素分析结果
    Table  4.  Zircon Hf isotope analysis results of biotite granodiorite
    分析点t(Ma)176Yb/177Hf176Lu/177Hf176Hf/177Hf±2σHfiεHf (0εHf (t±1σT(DM1T(DMC±1σfLu/Hf
    LCYT01-01284.50.0185586530.0006254970.2827722620.00001941500.2827690.0799942726.141620.679525634.4846.80.06673-0.9583
    LCYT01-02289.20.0213508130.000729880.2827422290.00001733430.282738-0.9821200125.160500.606701676.8910.50.065471-0.95134
    LCYT01-03283.20.0185419030.00063320.2827615260.00001621770.282758-0.2996866935.732140.56762649.0871.00.062774-0.95779
    LCYT01-04294.70.0220882280.0007384730.2827875880.00001740890.2827840.6219991686.882540.609311615.4808.60.063449-0.95077
    LCYT01-05294.70.0164732050.0006104080.2827343750.00001781010.282731-1.2598643495.024450.623354685.4922.90.066228-0.95931
    LCYT01-06284.60.030878080.001030040.2827487010.00001693800.282743-0.7532266325.233860.59283673.2902.50.065308-0.93133
    LCYT01-07288.80.0197257310.0006696610.2827592090.00001664090.282756-0.3816205935.764270.582432652.8873.10.063558-0.95536
    LCYT01-08290.90.0257500310.0008673350.2827429880.00001806780.282738-0.9552588135.197570.632374678.1909.30.066791-0.94218
    LCYT01-09293.30.0218180770.000740690.2827526590.00001701880.282749-0.613269935.615880.595659662.8885.40.06456-0.95062
    LCYT01-10295.10.0318103150.0010723330.2827600720.00001852730.282754-0.351094865.852240.648455658.3872.00.067113-0.92851
    LCYT01-112950.0323206950.001060830.2827700290.00001875880.2827640.0010278596.204710.656558644.5850.30.066935-0.92928
    LCYT01-12295.40.0257539410.000840720.2827446190.00001950560.28274-0.8975709255.357100.682698675.5902.80.068675-0.94395
    LCYT01-132910.0420505520.0013784720.2827446020.00001883510.282737-0.8981748115.158400.659227684.9911.50.069048-0.9081
    LCYT01-14281.10.0259173880.0008951120.2827772580.00001732290.2827730.2566710656.194730.606302631.9840.90.064172-0.94033
    LCYT01-15282.30.0122223510.000424710.2827306610.00001858930.282728-1.3911864274.659460.650625687.1936.40.06705-0.97169
    LCYT01-16280.70.0260717950.000893780.2827260480.00001877770.282721-1.55432734.374300.65722701.7952.50.068661-0.94041
    LCYT01-17290.10.0263774940.0008923340.2827533610.00001776710.282749-0.5884351115.542650.621848664.4887.50.065933-0.94051
    LCYT01-18283.20.0249169180.0008804570.2827789380.00002032120.2827740.3160932876.301970.711244629.4835.90.068288-0.9413
    LCYT01-19290.60.0182103230.0006337710.2827818010.00001753640.2827780.4173397936.609510.613775621.6822.40.063668-0.95775
    LCYT01-20287.30.018020850.0006154230.2827727750.00001705720.2827690.0981199366.222220.597003633.5843.90.06338-0.95897
    LCYT01-21289.40.0203842770.0007181130.2827423720.00001847100.282738-0.97704095.172150.646485676.4909.90.067032-0.95213
    LCYT01-22297.60.025947460.0008813540.2827600120.00001615870.282755-0.3532357355.941050.565556655.2868.50.063322-0.94124
    LCYT01-23294.40.0294271320.0010148530.2827266720.00002064820.282721-1.5322865044.666560.722688703.0944.40.071574-0.93234
    LCYT01-24290.50.0185395080.0006411150.2827699110.00001629770.282766-0.0031621896.185170.570421637.8848.50.062508-0.95726
    LCYT01-25290.40.0218810360.0007494570.2827411580.00001557880.282737-1.0199706465.144730.545259678.6912.30.063102-0.95004
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    图  5  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩锆石εHft)-t(Ma)图解(a)(据李良等,2018)和地壳模式年龄T(DMC)统计直方图(b)
    Figure  5.  (a)Zircon εHf(t)-t (Ma) diagram (According to LI Liang et al., 2018) and (b) crustal model age T (DMC) statistical histogram (b) of Luocheng biotite granodiorite

    合黎山地区罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩的主量元素分析结果见表1,其SiO2含量介于58.52%~59.84%,Al2O3含量介于16.91%~17.28%。全碱含量Na2O+K2O介于4.04%~4.40%,相对富碱,Na2O含量介于2.52%~2.60%,K2O含量介于1.49%~1.87%,富钠贫钾。里特曼指数δ介于1.05~1.15。根据CIPW标准矿物计算(Le Maitre,1979),石英(Qtz)含量介于18.97%~20.69%,碱性长石(A)含量介于11.6%~14.66%,斜长石(Pl)含量介于47.86%~50.76%,在Q-A-P图解中(图6a),处在花岗闪长岩区域中。SiO2-(Na2O+K2O-CaO)图解(图6b)反应岩石属于钙性系列。SiO2-K2O图解(图6c)反映岩石主体属于钙碱性系列。铝饱和指数A/CNK比较集中,介于0.96~0.97,A/NK介于2.74~2.98,在A/CNK-A/NK图解中(图6d),处在准铝质范围内。

    图  6  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩Q-A-P图解(a)(据Streckeisen, 1976)、SiO2-(Na2O+K2O-CaO)图解(b)(据Peccerillo et al., 1976)、SiO2-K2O图解(c)(据Peccerillo et al., 1976)及A/NK-A/CNK图解(d)(据Maniar et al.,1989
    Figure  6.  (a) Q-A-P diagram of Luocheng biotite granodiorite, (b) SiO2- (Na2O+K2O-CaO) diagram, (c) SiO2-K2O diagram and (d) A/NK-A/CNK diagrams

    合黎山地区罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩的稀土元素分析结果见表1,其稀土元素总量ΣREE在71.77×10−6~79.32×10−6之间,平均为75.71×10−6。LREE/HREE值在4.20~5.30之间,平均为4.82,相对富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土。(La/Yb)N在3.69~5.46之间,平均为4.70,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(图4a)中显示稀土元素为右倾型配分模式。δEu值在0.80~0.96之间,平均值为0.91,Eu具轻度负异常,说明在岩浆演化过程中有少量的斜长石分离结晶作用。

    合黎山地区罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩的微量元素分析结果见表1,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(图7b)上可见,岩石均相对富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。

    图  7  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(a)(据Taylor et al., 1985)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)(据Sun et al., 1989
    Figure  7.  (a) Normalized distribution curve of rare earth element chondrites and (b) Primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagrams of Luocheng biotite granodiorite

    合黎山地区罗城岩体锆石自形程度好,具有典型的岩浆结晶韵律环带结构(图5),且Th/U值均大于0.4,为典型的岩浆锆石(王新雨等,2023李平等,2024),其锆石数据谐和度较高,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为(289±3) Ma ,可代表岩浆结晶年龄,因此,合黎山地区罗城岩体形成于早二叠世。

    合黎山地区罗城花岗闪长岩Ga含量为16.3×10−6~17.7×10−6,Al2O3含量为16.91%~17.28%,10000Ga/Al值为1.78~1.93,平均为1.84,小于A型花岗岩下限2.6(Whalen et al., 1987),在Zr-10000Ga/Al、Ce-10000Ga/Al、Y-10000Ga/Al图解(图8b、 图8c、图8d)中,罗城岩体均投影在I&S花岗岩区域,在K2O-Na2O图解(图8a)中,罗城岩体均处于I型花岗岩区域。根据岩石主量元素特征可知,罗城花岗闪长岩具有钙碱性、准铝质特征,其A/CNK比较集中,介于0.96~0.97,均小于1.1,与I型花岗岩一致(Chappell et al., 1992李宏卫等,2021),且P2O5含量与SiO2含量存在负线性关系,与I型花岗岩演化趋势一致(Wolf et al., 1994)。综合判断分析,罗城花岗闪长岩属于结晶分异I型花岗岩。

    图  8  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩K2O-Na2O图解(a)及Zr、Ce、Y-10000Ga图解(b、c、d)(据Whalen et al.,1987
    Figure  8.  (a) K2O-Na2O and (b, c, d) Zr, Ce, Y-10000 Ga diagram of Luocheng biotite granodiorite

    I型花岗岩主要来源于板块边缘陆壳下部,可能与地壳岩石的部分熔融(徐克勤等,1982)、交代岩石圈地幔部分熔融(Jiang et al., 2006)等有关,罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩属于钙碱性系列,富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,指示岩体具有大陆地壳物质的参与,岩石Nb/Ta=13.25~13.65,平均值为13.52,接近大陆地壳Nb/Ta值(=10~14)。在判断源岩的C/MF-A/MF图解(图9a)中,显示岩体源岩可能为基性岩的部分熔融,岩石δEu值具轻度负异常,在0.80~0.96之间,平均值为0.91,说明在岩浆演化过程中有少量的斜长石分离结晶作用,在δEu-(La/Yb)N图解中(图9b),样品投点均落在了壳源与壳幔混合源花岗岩区域,La/Ta值为35.71~40.86,大于起源于岩石圈地幔或受其混染岩浆La/Ta值的下限25,指示其为幔源或者壳幔混合源(Lassiter et al., 1997)。

    图  9  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩C/MF-A/MF图解(a)(据Alther et al., 2000)及δEu-(La/Yb)N图解(b)(据王钊飞等,2019
    Figure  9.  (a) C/MF-A/MF diagram and (b) δEu-(La/Yb)N diagram of Luocheng biotite granodiorite

    罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩锆石Hf二阶段模式年龄T(DMC)分布范围为808.6~952.5 Ma,εHf(t)值介于+4.37~+6.88,通过锆石εHf(t)-U-Pb年龄t(Ma)图解(图7a),测点均落在球粒陨石–亏损地幔之间,反映其源区为年轻的幔源组分或具有新生地壳演化趋势(李金超等,2021)。

    在野外工作中,在黑云母花岗闪长岩中发现暗色微细粒包体发育(图10),包体形态可见椭圆状、圆状、透镜状以及不规则状,大小差异较大,包体常具淬冷边,证明岩浆发生混合作用(王德滋等,2008张建军等,2012);Mg#值可以指示壳源岩浆作用是否有幔源物质的参与,在地幔组分参与时,才能导致熔体的Mg#值大于40(Rapp et al., 1995),岩石MgO含量介于3.13%~3.53%,Mg#值介于0.64~0.66,明显高于40,表明岩体源岩明显具幔源岩浆加入。

    图  10  罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩中暗色包体的形态
    a. 椭圆状包体; b. 圆状包体; c. 透镜状包体; d. 不规则状包体
    Figure  10.  Field photos showing morphology of Luocheng biotite granodiorite

    基于上述讨论,罗城花岗闪长岩为壳源岩浆与幔源岩浆发生混合作用的产物,这种作用是由于地壳深部存在强烈的地幔岩浆底侵作用,导致新生地壳部分熔融并混入底侵的幔源物质。幔源的高温基性岩浆底侵,为其提供了少量物质来源,使岩石地球化学特征上既表现出壳源特征,也表现出幔源物质的信息。

    罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩特征(王秉璋等,2021),其形成与大洋板片俯冲消减作用有关。通过对黑云母花岗闪长岩构造背景判别,在Rb-(Y+Nb)(图11a)、Nb-Y(图11b)及Hf-Rb/30-3Ta(图11c)图解中,样品均落在火山弧花岗岩区域;在R1-R2图11d)图解中,样品落在地幔分异花岗岩与碰撞前花岗岩交界区域。

    图  11  花岗闪长岩构造背景判别Rb-(Y+Nb)(a)、Nb-Y(b)(据Pearce et al., 1984)、Hf-Rb/30-3Ta(c)(据Harris et al., 1986)图解及R1-R2(d)(据Batchelor et al., 1985)图解
    ① 地幔分异花岗岩;② 破坏性活动板块边缘 (板块碰撞前) 花岗岩;③ 板块碰撞后隆起期花岗岩;④ 晚造期花岗岩;⑤ 非造山区花岗岩;⑥ 同碰撞花岗岩;⑦造山期花岗岩
    Figure  11.  Identification of granodiorite structural background (a) Rb-(Y+Nb), (b) Nb-Y, (c) Hf-Rb/30-3Ta and (d) R1-R2 diagram

    罗城岩体位于龙首山造山带的西南缘大陆边缘活动带和祁连裂谷的发育构成了龙首山成矿带特定的构造环境(王承花,2010)。龙首山地区地壳演化自早古生代至中新生代经历了活动-稳定-再活动-再稳定-又活动的发展阶段,其在晚古生代处于稳定的拉张环境(强利刚等,2019),早古生代祁连造山带经历了北祁连洋向南俯冲,俯冲受阻,转为向北俯冲,引起北祁连岛弧与阿拉善陆块的碰撞,从而形成了一系列火山弧I型花岗岩(夏林圻等,2003刘文恒等,2019王增振等,2020)。罗城二叠纪黑云母花岗闪长岩指示其形成环境为岩浆弧,且R1-R2判别图解指示其形成环境为碰撞前消减花岗岩环境,说明在晚古生代该区还存在一期俯冲碰撞活动,与前人对龙首山晚石炭世—早二叠世西山头窑地区岩体处于弧后洋盆闭合过程,是古亚洲洋向南俯冲的结果(董国强等,2022)相吻合,同时与前人认为的北山地区二叠纪时期仍发生的俯冲–增生造山过程延续可至三叠纪(宋东方等,2018)存在相关性,而并非处于拉张稳定发展期(强利刚等,2019)。

    (1)通过对罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年得出,岩石锆石结晶年龄为(289±3) Ma ,属于早二叠世,指示了区域上华力西期的强烈构造岩浆事件。

    (2)通过罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩岩相学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素特征,岩体富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、P等高场强元素,属于准铝质钙碱性I型花岗岩,是由新生地壳部分熔融并混入底侵幔源物质的产物,指示了地壳深部强烈的地幔岩浆底侵作用。

    (3)罗城黑云母花岗闪长岩地球化学特征指示其形成于碰撞前的消减花岗岩环境,结合龙首山地区构造演化历史,表明该区在晚古生代还存在一期俯冲碰撞,而并非一直处于拉张稳定发展期。

  • 图  1   研究区地质背景及采样点位置图

    Figure  1.   Geological background and sampling point location map of study area

    图  2   研究区二叠纪碳酸盐岩和侏罗纪碎屑岩风化剖面图

    Figure  2.   Weathering profile of Permian carbonate rocks and Jurassic clastic rocks in study area

    图  3   研究区质量平衡系数与采样深度关系图

    (a).TP0501;(b).TP0502为二叠纪碳酸盐岩-石灰土剖面;(c).TP0301;(d). TP0302为侏罗纪碎屑岩-紫色土剖面

    Figure  3.   Relation diagram of mass balance coefficient and sampling depth in study area

    图  4   基岩(a)和风化土壤(b)中元素富集系数

    Figure  4.   (a) Enrichment factor of elements in bedrock and (b) Enrichment factor of elements in weathered soil

    表  1   质量平衡系数参数表

    Table  1   Mass balance coefficient parameter table

    项目参数名称/单位范围含义
    Ci, W 元素i在风化层的实测含量(mg/kg) Ti, Zr = −1 元素i已经被全部迁移殆尽
    Ci, P 元素i在基岩的实测含量(mg/kg) Ti, Zr<0 元素i在风化和蚀变过程中有迁移或者损失
    CZr, W 惰性元素Zr在风化层的含量(mg/kg) Ti, Zr= 0 元素i相对于新鲜基岩没有任何迁移
    CZr, P 惰性元素Zr在基岩的含量(mg/kg) Ti, Zr>0 有外来i元素的加入
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   土壤污染风险值

    Table  2   Soil pollution risk value

    元素风险筛选值(标准)风险管制值
    pH≤5.55.5<pH≤6.56.5<pH≤7.5pH>7.5pH≤5.55.5<pH≤6.56.5<pH≤7.5pH>7.5
    Cd 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.5 2 3 4
    Hg 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.4 2 2.5 4 6
    As 40 40 30 25 200 150 120 100
    Pb 70 90 120 170 400 500 700 1000
    Cr 150 150 200 250 800 850 1000 1300
    Cu 50 50 100 100
    Ni 60 70 100 190
    Zn 200 200 250 300
     注:表中风险筛选值依据《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)(GB 15618—2018)》(下文简称为国标)。筛选值单位为mg/ kg。—为未检出,下同。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   单因子指数与内梅罗综合指数评价标准

    Table  3   Single factor index and Nemero comprehensive index evaluation standard

    等级单因子指数内梅罗综合指数
    范围污染评价范围污染评价
    Pi≤1 清洁 P≤0.7 安全
    1<Pi≤2 轻度污染 0.7<P≤1.0 警戒线
    2<Pi≤3 中度污染 1.0<P≤2.0 轻度污染
    Pi>3 重度污染 2.0<P≤3.0 中度污染
    P>3.0 重度污染
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   重金属健康风险暴露参数

    Table  4   Heavy metal health risk exposure parameters

    项目参数名称及单位成人参考值儿童参考值
    IngR 手−口摄入土壤频率(mg/d) 100 200
    EF 暴露频率(d/a) 350 350
    ED 暴露时间(a) 25 6
    BW 平均体重(kg) 56.8 15.9
    AT 平均暴露时间(d) 致癌26280,非致癌9125 致癌26280,非致癌2190
    InhR 呼吸频率(m3/d) 14.5 7.5
    PEF 颗粒物排放因子(m3/kg) 1.36×109 1.36×109
    SA 皮肤暴露表面积( cm2 2415 1295
    SL 皮肤粘附系数(mg/(cm2·d)) 0.2 0.2
    ABS 皮肤吸收因子 0.001 0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   土壤中重金属不同暴露途径RfDSF

    Table  5   Different exposure pathways of heavy metals RfD and SF in soil

    元素RfD(mg/kg·d-1 SF(kg·d/mg)
    呼吸吸入手-口摄入皮肤接触呼吸吸入
    Cu 4×10−2 4×10−2 1.2×10−2
    Pb 3.5×10−3 3.5×10−3 5.25×10−4
    Zn 3×10−1 3×10−1 6×10−2
    Cr 2.86×10−5 3×10−3 6×10−5 42
    Ni 2.06×10−2 2×10−2 5.4×10−3 0.84
    Cd 1×10−3 1×10−3 3×10−5 6.3
    As 3×10−4 3×10−4 1.23×10−4 15.1
    Hg 3×10−4 3×10−4 2.1×10−5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   研究区风化剖面元素含量与pH一览表

    Table  6   List of element content and pH of weathering profile in the study area

    剖面样品深度(cm)CuPbZnCrNiCdAsHgZrpH
    TP0301 A 0~10 21.70 28.00 76.30 54.60 33.60 0.360 6.97 0.033 202.00 8.03
    B1 10~20 21.50 26.30 76.50 56.20 32.40 0.270 7.56 0.017 211.00 8.19
    B2 20~30 20.90 22.90 67.70 57.20 30.80 0.120 5.45 0.011 268.00 8.40
    B3 30~50 18.80 23.40 65.60 58.00 30.60 0.120 4.68 0.011 244.00 8.47
    C1 50~65 18.10 32.20 82.80 65.00 41.30 0.320 6.22 0.010 130.00 8.58
    C2 65~80 17.20 25.00 73.20 61.90 34.90 0.200 4.25 0.010 191.00 8.45
    土壤均值 19.70 26.30 73.68 58.82 33.93 0.232 5.86 0.015 207.67
    R >80 14.00 19.40 40.40 44.40 21.40 0.120 2.35 0.009 172.00
    TP0302 A 0~10 31.60 30.80 74.40 54.50 30.90 0.390 7.39 0.025 212.00 8.00
    B1 10~20 20.20 29.40 80.70 55.00 36.70 0.220 7.74 0.013 197.00 8.27
    B2 20~30 18.70 32.00 84.10 60.60 35.80 0.140 8.26 0.008 178.00 8.26
    C 30~40 16.00 21.60 58.70 51.40 25.60 0.089 4.33 0.005 224.00 8.59
    土壤均值 21.63 28.45 74.48 55.38 32.25 0.210 6.93 0.013 202.75
    R >40 15.80 21.20 63.20 48.30 24.80 0.080 3.06 0.003 238.00
    TP0501 A1 0~7 30.80 46.60 110.00 96.70 34.40 0.580 26.80 0.160 252.00 5.53
    A2 7~15 29.00 47.30 122.00 98.60 36.00 0.580 26.20 0.170 259.00 5.01
    E1 15~25 24.80 49.40 143.00 95.00 34.50 0.780 21.80 0.230 227.00 5.28
    E2 25~35 22.10 36.70 119.00 84.80 30.80 0.660 20.60 0.200 198.00 5.62
    B1 35~45 21.40 29.40 93.50 79.00 27.30 0.370 22.50 0.160 182.00 5.86
    B2 45~60 28.00 35.20 102.00 106.00 38.90 0.380 24.50 0.200 232.00 6.04
    C1 60~85 27.20 44.20 122.00 100.00 37.50 0.490 26.20 0.170 271.00 5.39
    C2 85~110 30.00 49.40 128.00 99.40 38.00 0.390 26.40 0.180 252.00 5.34
    土壤均值 26.66 42.28 117.44 94.94 34.68 0.529 24.38 0.184 234.13
    R >110 0.96 0.27 2.29 6.65 0.24 0.038 0.50 0.002 6.90
    TP0502 A1 0~10 40.30 46.20 121.00 117.00 40.30 0.660 43.70 0.180 259.00 5.00
    A2 10~20 31.50 45.30 120.00 129.00 43.00 0.520 46.50 0.190 264.00 5.27
    E1 20~40 29.00 50.60 129.00 107.00 42.00 0.330 26.90 0.220 266.00 4.97
    E2 40~60 28.70 48.90 129.00 108.00 37.90 0.460 23.30 0.220 238.00 4.96
    B1 60~75 24.20 24.40 76.40 68.80 36.50 0.440 15.30 0.200 138.00 5.62
    B2 75~90 36.50 32.20 105.00 88.70 54.70 0.620 18.00 0.270 149.00 6.74
    C1 90~120 30.00 50.20 128.00 121.00 42.40 0.400 41.80 0.220 256.00 5.30
    C2 120~150 30.80 50.90 131.00 121.00 41.80 0.360 31.50 0.190 258.00 5.14
    土壤均值 31.38 43.59 117.43 107.56 42.33 0.474 30.88 0.211 228.50
    R >150 2.01 0.29 5.15 4.36 3.44 0.045 0.50 0.001 7.90
    超管制值/% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000
    上地壳丰度(UCC) 28.00 17.00 67.00 92.00 47.00 0.090 4.80 0.050
    重庆土壤背景值 24.60 28.10 81.90 74.40 31.60 0.280 6.62 0.069
    中国土壤背景值 22.60 26.00 74.20 61.00 26.90 0.097 11.20 0.065
    世界土壤 30.00 19.00 90.00 40.00 20.00 0.350
     注:表中字母A代表腐殖层,E代表淋溶层,B代表淀积层,C代表母质层,R代表基岩层;元素的含量为mg/kg,PH无量纲。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   研究区剖面土壤重金属元素单因子指数和内梅罗指数评价结果

    Table  7   The evaluation results of single factor index and Nemero index of heavy metal elements in soil profile of the study area

    剖面样品PCuPPbPZnPCrPNiPCdPAsPHgPavePmaxP等级
    TP0301 A 0.217 0.165 0.254 0.218 0.177 0.600 0.279 0.010 0.204 0.600 0.317 安全
    B1 0.215 0.155 0.255 0.225 0.171 0.450 0.302 0.005
    B2 0.209 0.135 0.226 0.229 0.162 0.200 0.218 0.003
    B3 0.188 0.138 0.219 0.232 0.161 0.200 0.187 0.003
    C1 0.181 0.189 0.276 0.260 0.217 0.533 0.249 0.003
    C2 0.172 0.147 0.244 0.248 0.184 0.333 0.170 0.003
    TP0302 A 0.316 0.181 0.248 0.218 0.163 0.650 0.296 0.007 0.207 0.650 0.312 安全
    B1 0.202 0.173 0.269 0.220 0.193 0.367 0.310 0.004
    B2 0.187 0.188 0.280 0.242 0.188 0.233 0.330 0.002
    C 0.160 0.127 0.196 0.206 0.135 0.148 0.173 0.001
    TP0501 A1 0.616 0.518 0.550 0.645 0.491 1.933 0.670 0.089 0.666 2.600 1.335 轻度
    污染
    A2 0.580 0.676 0.610 0.657 0.600 1.933 0.655 0.131
    E1 0.496 0.706 0.715 0.633 0.575 2.600 0.545 0.177
    E2 0.442 0.408 0.595 0.565 0.440 2.200 0.515 0.111
    B1 0.428 0.327 0.468 0.527 0.390 1.233 0.563 0.089
    B2 0.560 0.391 0.510 0.707 0.556 1.267 0.613 0.111
    C1 0.544 0.631 0.610 0.667 0.625 1.633 0.655 0.131
    C2 0.600 0.706 0.640 0.663 0.633 1.300 0.660 0.138
    TP0502 A1 0.806 0.660 0.605 0.780 0.672 2.200 1.093 0.138 0.701 2.200 1.226 轻度
    污染
    A2 0.630 0.647 0.600 0.860 0.717 1.733 1.163 0.146
    E1 0.580 0.723 0.645 0.713 0.700 1.100 0.673 0.169
    E2 0.574 0.699 0.645 0.720 0.632 1.533 0.583 0.169
    B1 0.484 0.271 0.382 0.459 0.521 1.467 0.383 0.111
    B2 0.365 0.268 0.420 0.444 0.547 2.067 0.600 0.113
    C1 0.600 0.717 0.640 0.807 0.707 1.333 1.045 0.169
    C2 0.616 0.727 0.655 0.807 0.697 1.200 0.788 0.146
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   健康风险评价结果

    Table  8   Health risk assessment results

    剖面元素HQingHQinhHQdermHICR
    成人儿童成人儿童成人儿童成人儿童成人儿童
    TP0301 Cu 8.67×10−4 6.50×10−3 9.24×10−8 1.79×10−7 1.40×10−5 2.81×10−5 8.81×10−4 6.53×10−3
    Pb 1.28×10−2 9.59×10−2 1.36×10−6 2.64×10−6 4.12×10−4 8.28×10−4 1.32×10−2 9.67×10−2
    Zn 4.06×10−4 3.05×10−3 4.33×10−8 8.41×10−8 9.82×10−6 1.97×10−5 4.16×10−4 3.07×10−3
    Cr 2.91×10−2 2.18×10−1 3.25×10−4 6.31×10−4 7.02×10−3 1.41×10−2 3.64×10−2 2.33×10−1 1.36×10−7 1.99×10−7
    Ni 2.68×10−3 2.01×10−2 2.78×10−7 5.39×10−7 4.80×10−5 9.66×10−5 2.73×10−3 2.02×10−2 1.67×10−9 2.45×10−9
    Cd 5.75×10−4 4.32×10−3 6.13×10−8 1.19×10−7 9.26×10−5 1.86×10−4 6.68×10−4 4.50×10−3 1.34×10−10 1.97×10−10
    As 3.71×10−2 2.78×10−1 3.96×10−6 7.68×10−6 4.37×10−4 8.80×10−4 3.76×10−2 2.79×10−1 6.23×10−9 9.13×10−9
    Hg 1.76×10−4 1.32×10−3 1.87×10−8 3.64×10−8 1.21×10−5 2.44×10−5 1.88×10−4 1.34×10−3
    TP0302 Cu 1.26×10−3 9.47×10−3 1.35×10−7 2.61×10−7 2.03×10−5 4.09×10−5 1.28×10−3 9.51×10−3
    Pb 1.41×10−2 1.05×10−1 1.50×10−6 2.91×10−6 4.53×10−4 9.11×10−4 1.45×10−2 1.06×10−1
    Zn 3.96×10−4 2.97×10−3 4.23×10−8 8.20×10−8 9.57×10−6 1.92×10−5 4.06×10−4 2.99×10−3
    Cr 2.90×10−2 2.18×10−1 3.25×10−4 6.30×10−4 7.01×10−3 1.41×10−2 3.64×10−2 2.32×10−1 1.35×10−7 1.98×10−7
    Ni 2.47×10−3 1.85×10−2 2.56×10−7 4.96×10−7 4.42×10−5 8.88×10−5 2.51×10−3 1.86×10−2 1.54×10−9 2.25×10−9
    Cd 6.23×10−4 4.67×10−3 6.65×10−8 1.29×10−7 1.00×10−4 2.02×10−4 7.24×10−4 4.88×10−3 1.45×10−10 2.13×10−10
    As 3.94×10−2 2.95×10−1 4.20×10−6 8.14×10−6 4.64×10−4 9.33×10−4 3.98×10−2 2.96×10−1 6.60×10−9 9.68×10−9
    Hg 1.33×10−4 9.99×10−4 1.42×10−8 2.75×10−8 9.19×10−6 1.85×10−5 1.42×10−4 1.02×10−3
    TP0501 Cu 1.23×10−3 9.23×10−3 1.31×10−7 2.54×10−7 1.98×10−5 3.98×10−5 1.25×10−3 9.27×10−3
    Pb 2.13×10−2 1.60×10−1 2.27×10−6 4.40×10−6 6.85×10−4 1.38×10−3 2.20×10−2 1.61×10−1
    Zn 5.86×10−4 4.39×10−3 6.25×10−8 1.21×10−7 1.42×10−5 2.85×10−5 6.00×10−4 4.42×10−3
    Cr 5.15×10−2 3.86×10−1 5.76×10−4 1.12×10−3 1.24×10−2 2.50×10−2 6.45×10−2 4.12×10−1 2.40×10−7 3.52×10−7
    Ni 2.75×10−3 2.06×10−2 2.85×10−7 5.52×10−7 4.92×10−5 9.89×10−5 2.80×10−3 2.07×10−2 1.71×10−9 2.51×10−9
    Cd 9.27×10−4 6.95×10−3 9.88×10−8 1.92×10−7 1.49×10−4 3.00×10−4 1.08×10−3 7.25×10−3 2.16×10−10 3.17×10−10
    As 1.43×10−1 1.07×100 1.52×10−5 2.95×10−5 1.68×10−3 3.38×10−3 1.44×10−1 1.07×100 2.39×10−8 3.51×10−8
    Hg 8.52×10−4 6.39×10−3 9.09×10−8 1.76×10−7 5.88×10−5 1.18×10−4 9.11×10−4 6.51×10−3
    TP0502 Cu 1.61×10−3 1.21×10−2 1.72×10−7 3.33×10−7 2.59×10−5 5.21×10−5 1.64×10−3 1.21×10−2
    Pb 2.11×10−2 1.58×10−1 2.25×10−6 4.36×10−6 6.79×10−4 1.37×10−3 2.18×10−2 1.60×10−1
    Zn 6.45×10−4 4.83×10−3 6.87×10−8 1.33×10−7 1.56×10−5 3.13×10−5 6.60×10−4 4.87×10−3
    Cr 6.23×10−2 4.67×10−1 6.97×10−4 1.35×10−3 1.51×10−2 3.03×10−2 7.81×10−2 4.99×10−1 2.91×10−7 4.26×10−7
    Ni 3.22×10−3 2.42×10−2 3.33×10−7 6.47×10−7 5.76×10−5 1.16×10−4 3.28×10−3 2.43×10−2 2.00×10−9 2.94×10−9
    Cd 1.05×10−3 7.91×10−3 1.12×10−7 2.18×10−7 1.70×10−4 3.41×10−4 1.22×10−3 8.25×10−3 2.46×10−10 3.61×10−10
    As 2.33×10−1 1.75×100 2.48×10−5 4.81×10−5 2.74×10−3 5.51×10−3 2.36×10−1 1.75×100 3.90×10−8 5.72×10−8
    Hg 9.59×10−4 7.19×10−3 1.02×10−7 1.98×10−5 6.62×10−5 1.33×10−4 1.03×10−3 7.33×10−3
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-02-09
  • 修回日期:  2023-08-25
  • 录用日期:  2023-09-07
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-09-19
  • 刊出日期:  2025-02-19

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