ISSN 1009-6248CN 61-1149/P 双月刊

主管单位:中国地质调查局

主办单位:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心
中国地质学会

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    多源遥感卫星数据在脉状萤石矿床中的找矿预测应用:以内蒙古水头萤石矿床为例

    Exploring Luorite Veins Using Multi-source Remote Sensing Astellite Data: A Case Study from the Shuitou Fluorite Deposit in Inner Mongolia, China

    • 摘要: 萤石是一种战略性非金属矿产,脉状萤石矿床是全球萤石产量的主要来源,应用遥感技术开展脉状萤石矿床的勘查找矿研究具有重要意义。笔者选择内蒙古中东部水头萤石矿床为研究区,在野外地质调查和前期研究的基础上,综合应用Landsat-8、ASTER、Sentinel-2和WorldView-2多源遥感影像进行成矿预测。首先,基于光谱协同理论将Landsat-8与WorldView-2融合生成协同数据,对研究区地层岩性和控矿构造进行遥感解译;利用Sentinel-2和ASTER影像进行了羟基、铁染和硅化蚀变信息提取。基于已知萤石矿点的遥感解译特征建立研究区萤石矿的遥感解译标志,在此基础上,应用GIS平台对提取特征信息进行加权叠加分析,开展研究区内萤石矿的综合预测。研究结果表明:Landsat-8与WorldView-2数据融合的假彩色合成影像可有效区分研究区萤石矿化点;由于脉状萤石矿体具有明显的垂向分带特征,在研究区地表露头中多发育硅质顶盖,因此硅化蚀变异常与羟基异常组合可作为萤石矿化的重要特征依据。GIS综合预测结果与已知矿点吻合度高,证实了应用多源遥感数据在脉状萤石矿床勘查找矿中的有效性,并预测了三处新的靶区,相关结果可为后续勘查部署提供依据,也可为其他地区的萤石遥感找矿勘查提供参考。

       

      Abstract: Fluorite is a strategic nonmetallic mineral. Vein fluorite deposits represent the primary source of global fluorite production. The application of remote sensing technology to the exploration and mineral searches of vein-type fluorite deposits is of great significance. In this paper, the Shuitou fluorite deposit in the east-central part of Inner Mongolia is selected as the study area. Based on a comprehensive field geological survey and preliminary research, the authors apply a multi-source remote sensing approach using Landsat-8, ASTER, Sentinel-2, and WorldView-2 images to make mineralization predictions. First, spectral synergy theory was employed to fuse Landsat-8 and WorldView-2 data, thereby generating synergistic data for remote sensing interpretation of stratigraphic lithology and ore-controlling tectonic information in the study area. Additionally, hydroxyl, iron-stained, and silicified alteration information was extracted from Sentinel-2 and ASTER images. Based on the remote sensing interpretation features of known fluorite mining sites, a remote sensing interpretation flag of fluorite mining in the study area was established. This was then applied to the GIS platform, which was used to analyze the extracted feature information with weighted superposition and to carry out a comprehensive prediction of fluorite mining in the study area. The results demonstrate that the false-color composite image, which has been fused with data from both Landsat-8 and WorldView-2, is an effective tool for distinguishing fluorite mineralization points. In vein-type fluorite deposits, the ore body exhibits distinct vertical zonation, while in surface outcrops, more siliceous tops develop. The combination of silica and hydroxyl alteration anomalies can be used as the basis for identifying the key characteristics of fluorite mineralization. The results of this comprehensive GIS prediction and the known ore points align well, thereby corroborating the efficacy of the utilization of multisource remote sensing data in vein-type fluorite deposits for the purposes of exploration and the search for minerals, as well as the prediction of three new target areas. The results are suitable for use as a basis for subsequent surveys and as a reference for the remote sensing of fluorite vein systems exploration in other areas.

       

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