Development Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Carbonate Karst Ancient River: Example from the Middle-Lower Ordovician in Block-12 of Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin
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摘要:
为了明确塔里木盆地塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统顶面古河道的成因，利用地震剖面分析、地震属性提取等技术，结合钻井资料刻画了古地貌、古水系发育特征，定量描述古河道的河曲特征，并基于现代岩溶理论建立了古河道成因演化模式。结果表明：中—下奥陶统顶面古河道为“深切河曲”古岩溶地貌，深切河曲特征表现为河谷主要呈“V”字形，两侧河谷坡岸对称，谷壁陡峭，发育由于截弯取直形成的离堆山、天生桥等标志性地貌；中—下奥陶统顶面古河道发育“高弯曲率”河曲形态，深切河曲的单个河曲弯曲率Ｃ值都在2.20以上，平均值为4.27，SN向河曲带弯曲率Ｃ值为1.87，EW向河曲带的弯曲率Ｃ值为2.38；塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统顶面深切河曲经历志留系沉积期、自由河曲期、深切河曲期等3个演化阶段，其成因与华力西早期运动构造作用关系密切。
Abstract:In order to clarify the origin of the ancient river channel on the top of the Middle and Lower Ordovician in Block 12 of Tahe Oilfield, the Tarim basin, using techniques of seismic profile analysis and seismic attribute extraction, combined with drilling data, the development characteristics of the ancient landform and ancient water system are depicted, the meander characteristics of the ancient river channel are quantitatively describe, and the genetic evolution model of the ancient river channel is established.The results show that the ancient channel on the top of the Middle and Lower Ordovician is entrenched meander river, and the entrenched meander is characterized by a "V" shape of the valley, symmetrical slope banks on both sides of the valley, steep valley walls, and the development of the meander core and natural bridge formed by process of natural cutoff. The ancient channel on the top of the Middle-Lower Ordovician developed a "high curvature" meander shape. Statistical meander parameters indicate that the meander ratio C values are larger than 2.20, with an average value is 4.27, the C value of the whole North-South meander is 1.87, and the C value of the whole East-West meander is 2.38. The evolution of meandering superimposed Valley in block-12 has three stages: Silurian sedimentary period, free-meander and entrenched-meander, and its genesis is closely related to the early Hercynian movement.
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Keywords:
- Tarim basin /
- Tahe Oilfield /
- middle-lower Ordovician /
- ancient river /
- entrenched meander /
- meander core /
- meander parameter /
- meander ratio
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图 1 塔河油田12区构造格架（a）、研究区位置（b）及地层简表（c）
Figure 1. (a) structural sketch, (b) Location and (c) stratigraphic sequence of the block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 2 塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统顶面构造（a）及岩溶古地貌（b）
Figure 2. (a) The topographic map at the top of the Middle-Lower Ordovician and (b) karst paleogeomorphology of the block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 3 塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统岩溶地表古水系平面分布图
a. 塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统岩溶地表地形；b. 塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统顶面相干属性；c.塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统顶面RGB（红绿蓝三色混频）属性；d.塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统岩溶地表主干水系
Figure 3. Plane distribution of karst surface paleodrainage system on the Middle-Lower Ordovician of the block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 4 塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统地表水系纵断剖面（a）、横断剖面图（b）（剖面线位置见图3d）
Figure 4. (a) Longitudinal profile and (b) transverse profile of surface water system on the Middle-Lower Ordovician of the block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 5 塔河油田12井中—下奥陶统顶面离堆山地貌
a.离堆山、干谷地貌地震剖面（剖面线位置见图5b）；b.中—下奥陶统相干、地形地貌叠合图
Figure 5. Meander core paleogeomorphology on the Middle-Lower Ordovician of the block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 6 塔河油田12区中—下奥陶统天生桥古地貌
a.高弯曲率河曲地貌地震剖面（剖面线位置见图6b）；b.中—下奥陶统相干、地形地貌叠合图
Figure 6. Natural bridge paleogeomorphology on the Middle-Lower Ordovician of the block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 7 塔河12区TH121125井中—下奥陶统全充填洞穴测井响应特征
Figure 7. Logging response characteristics of full mud-filled caves in the Middle-Lower Ordovician of block-12 in the Tahe oilfield
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图 8 塔河油田12区深切河曲演化示意图
a. 志留系沉积期；b. 自由河曲期；c. 深切河曲期
Figure 8. Evolution diagram of entrenched meander in block-12 in Tahe Oilfield
表 1 12区古河道单河曲参数统计（标注位置见图3）
Table 1 Statistics of single meander parameters of ancient river in block-12
单个河曲名称 单个河曲参数 河道长度S（km） 曲流颈长度L（km） 弯曲率C 封闭率e 河曲轴长M（km） 1 4.50 0.60 7.50 0.88 1.44 2 2.40 1.03 2.33 0.70 0.96 3 2.14 0.79 2.70 0.73 0.85 4 2.90 0.56 5.18 0.84 1.00 5 1.76 0.68 2.59 0.72 0.69 6 2.09 0.95 2.20 0.69 0.84 7 3.02 1.30 2.32 0.70 1.15 8 7.25 0.69 10.51 0.91 2.36 9 3.05 1.32 2.31 0.70 0.90 10 4.01 1.80 2.23 0.69 1.34 11 4.85 1.74 2.79 0.74 1.73 12 4.44 0.81 5.48 0.85 1.96 13 4.35 0.60 7.25 0.88 1.75 
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表 2 12区古河道河曲带参数统计
Table 2 Statistics of meander belt parameters of ancient river in block-12
河曲带名称 河曲带参数 河道长度S（km） 河曲带轴长L（km） 弯曲率C 波幅W（km） 波长λ（km） SN向河曲带 15.00 8.02 1.87 0.60 2.67 EW向河曲带 39.95 16.81 2.38 0.86 1.97
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