Abstract: Loess mudflow is a frequent geological hazard in the Loess Plateau region, characterized by strong mobility, long-distance movement, and massive impact and destructive force, often causing major disasters. A scientific understanding of the mechanism of mudflow disasters on the Loess Plateau is of great significance for reducing disaster risks and adopting scientifically effective disaster reduction measures. This article first reviews the latest progress in research on the environmental characteristics, fluid properties, disaster mechanisms, and monitoring and early warning of loess mudflow disasters. Then, it analyzes the key scientific issues in the research of loess mudflow disasters. Finally, it is proposed that the future research on mudflow disasters on the Loess Plateau should still take "field investigation - experimental research - theoretical analysis - practical application" as the research paradigm, and adopt new theories, new methods, new technologies and new equipment, and focus on the following research directions considering the multi-scale, multi-time series and multi-stage perspectives of mudflow on the loess Plateau: Study the temporal and spatial development characteristics of loess mudflow and its advanced identification technology under complex disaster-prone environment, build a dynamic model of loess mudflow evolution mechanism and disaster mechanism, establish a real-time monitoring and early warning model of loess mudflow disaster and a comprehensive evaluation method, and form a comprehensive technical system of loess mudflow toughness prevention and control and emergency rescue.