Current status and occurrence characteristics of water-soluble helium resources in Qinghai Province
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摘要:
水溶氦气作为氦气藏的一种特殊赋存类型,近年来逐步得到广泛关注。青海省地域广阔,温泉等地下水资源丰富,通过对温泉、冷泉、卤水的系统调查,系统探究了水溶氦资源分布、含量、成因特征及其与温度、矿化度的关系。研究表明:青海省水溶氦气资源的分布与侵入岩关系密切,主要分布于柴达木盆地、共和盆地、玛多地区、南祁连盆地,其中柴达木盆地水溶氦含量最大,最高达1.1%;估算柴达木盆地、共和盆地、玛多地区、南祁连盆地生氦量,分别为39.49×108 m3、2.16×108 m3、1.46×108 m3、1.90×108 m3;水溶氦R值为0.42×10−8~11.07×10−8,R/Ra为0.003~0.068,属典型壳源成因气;氦含量与温度呈弱正相关关系、与矿化度呈正相关关系,且水温大于25 ℃的温泉及矿化度大于1 g/l的咸水是青海省水溶氦资源赋存的有利环境。
Abstract:As a special type of helium reservoir, water-soluble helium has gradually received widespread attention in recent years. Qinghai Province has a vast territory and abundant groundwater resources such as hot springs. Through a systematic investigation of hot springs, cold springs, and brine, the distribution, content, genetic characteristics, and relationship with temperature and mineralization of water-soluble helium resources were systematically explored. Research has shown that the distribution of water-soluble helium resources in Qinghai Province is closely related to intrusive rocks, mainly distributed in the Qaidam Basin, Gonghe Basin, Maduo Region, and South Qilian Basin. Among them, the Qaidam Basin has the highest water-soluble helium content, up to 1.1%; Estimate the helium production in the Qaidam Basin, Gonghe Basin, Maduo Region, and South Qilian Basin, which are 39.49 × 108 m3, 2.16 × 108 m3, 1.46 × 108 m3, and the R/Ra is 0.003~0.068, indicating a typical crustal origin gas; The helium content is weakly positively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with mineralization, and hot springs with water temperature greater than 25 ℃ and saline water with mineralization greater than 1 g/l are favorable environments for the occurrence of water-soluble helium resources in Qinghai Province.
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Keywords:
- water-soluble helium /
- resource status /
- Existence characteristics /
- Salinity /
- Qinghai Province
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表 1 柴达木盆地水溶氦气资源含量特征
Table 1 Characteristics of Water Soluble Helium Resource Content in the Chaidamu Basin
样品号 泉水性质 位置 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) 氖含量(%) 氩含量(%) 是否达到
评价标准Y5 温泉 大柴旦温泉山庄 73 0.842 10 0.078 20 0.945 60 是 Y6 温泉 大柴旦温泉山庄 55 0.091 70 0.002 29 0.825 30 是 Y29 温泉 都兰县果木村 65.6 0.002 10 0.000 12 0.001 30 否 Y30 温泉 都兰县热水乡东部 84.4 0.068 70 0.001 15 0.034 35 是 Y52 冷泉 茫崖市艾肯泉 19 0.000 40 0.000 00 0.480 00 否 Y63 冷泉 博鲁克斯坦河 20 0.000 30 0.00000 0.000 20 否 Y34 采油井 茫崖市七个泉油田 30 0.004 30 0.002 15 0.430 00 否 Y35 采油井 茫崖市七个泉油田 25 0.004 30 0.002 45 0.560 00 否 Y67 采油井 茫崖市花土沟油田 20 0.001 50 0.000 40 0.170 00 否 Y68 采油井 茫崖市花土沟油田 20 0.002 40 0.000 10 0.266 40 否 Y3 卤水井 落雁山 49 0.007 70 0.001 93 0.770 00 否 Y4 卤水井 花土沟一里坪 82 0.921 00 0.001 84 0.987 50 是 Y7 卤水井 西台巴嘎雅乌 66 0.000 30 0.000 01 0.360 00 否 Y8 卤水井 西台巴嘎雅乌 53 0.785 80 0.075 00 0.834 50 是 Y53 卤水井 冷湖镇俄博梁 22 0.116 80 0.000 13 0.215 60 是 Y53 卤水井 落雁山 13 0.000 30 0.000 00 0.360 00 否 Y55 卤水井 西台巴嘎雅乌 23 0.000 30 0.000 00 0.300 00 否 Y旱 卤水井 旱ZK01 / 0.014 45 0.0013 62/ 否 Y碱 卤水井 碱石山-11井 / 0.650 70 / / 是 Y9-8 卤水井 全吉山9-8孔 / 1.100 00 / / 是 表 2 共和盆地水溶氦气资源含量特征
Table 2 Characteristics of Water Soluble Helium Resource Content in the Gonghe Basin
样品号 泉水性质 位置 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) 氖含量(%) 氩含量(%) 是否满足
评价标准Y1 温泉 乌兰县巴硬格莉沟 40 0.000 70 0.000 04 0.420 00 否 Y36 地热井 共和县塘格木镇 38 0.027 43 / / 否 Y37 地热井 共和县塘格木镇 38 0.028 67 / / 否 Y38 温泉 贵德扎仓寺 93.00 0.000 53 0.001 76 0.568 96 否 Y39 温泉 兴海桑持沟 60.00 0.022 34 0.002 45 0.186 98 否 Y40 温泉 兴海桑持沟 61.00 0.024 33 0.001 26 0.003 10 否 Y41 温泉 贵德新街 62.00 0.000 88 0.002 17 0.461 95 否 Y42 温泉 共和谢玛龙哇 33.00 0.071 54 0.001 94 0.967 95 是 Y43 温泉 共和曲乃亥 67.00 0.837 91 0.002 06 1.036 06 是 Y44 温泉 兴海温泉乡 58.00 0.034 47 0.002 40 0.804 84 否 Y45 温泉 兴海温泉乡 62.00 0.055 44 0.002 07 0.519 61 是 Y46 温泉 共和阿乙亥 38.00 0.090 68 0.002 15 0.820 73 是 Y47 温泉 共和阿乙亥 40.00 0.867 17 0.002 08 0.744 65 是 Y48 地热井 共和南 98.00 0.052 22 0.003 00 0.963 33 是 Y69 地热井 贵德罗汉堂 22 0.022 22 0.003 00 0.869 43 否 Y70 冷泉 兴海温泉乡 10 0.008 28 0.002 44 0.775 07 否 Y71 冷泉 共和恰不恰 10 0.005 24 0.002 53 0.577 18 否 Y72 冷泉 共和下塔买村 23 0.000 56 0.001 94 0.514 34 否 Y73 冷泉 共和下塔买村 23 0.000 47 0.001 70 0.593 78 否 表 3 南祁连盆地水溶氦气资源含量特征
Table 3 Characteristics of Water Soluble Helium Resource Content in the South Qilian Basin
样品号 泉水类型 位置 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) 氖含量(%) 氩含量(%) 是否满足
评价标准Y31 温泉 刚察县达玉村 49.33 0.054 90 0.006 86 1.098 00 是 Y32 温泉 天峻县木里镇 31 0.000 30 0.000 10 0.165 00 否 Y33 温泉 热水镇北西10公里处 40 0.014 90 0.000 75 0.447 00 否 Y64 冷泉 刚察县达玉村 6 0.000 40 0.000 02 0.000 01 否 Y65 冷泉 刚察县默勒镇 21 0.004 20 0.000 20 0.002 50 否 Y66 冷泉 江仓煤业有限公司南8公里处 18 0.001 30 0.000 07 0.000 57 否 表 4 玛多地区水溶氦气资源含量特征
Table 4 Characteristics of Water Soluble Helium Resource Content in Maduo Region
样品号 泉水性质 位置 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) 氖含量(%) 氩含量(%) 是否满足评价标准 Y49 地震断层泉 玛多县黄河乡 4 0.023 70 0.001 58 0.185 00 是 Y50 地震断层泉 玛多县黄河乡 8 0.001 10 0.000 31 0.120 00 否 Y51 地震断层泉 玛多县黄河乡 8 0.763 20 0.001 91 0.875 00 是 表 5 其它地区水溶氦气资源含量特征
Table 5 Characteristics of water-soluble helium resource content in other regions
样品号 泉水性质 位置 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) 氖含量(%) 氩含量(%) Y2 温泉 同仁市兰采乡 61 0.003 60 0.001 03 0.360 00 Y9 温泉 班玛县红军温泉 87.8 0.000 20 0.000 01 0.000 10 Y10 温泉 班玛县红军温泉 78 0.001 00 0.000 05 0.090 00 Y11 温泉 玛沁县大武镇东倾沟 25 0.002 30 0.000 11 0.230 00 Y12 温泉 杂多县然者尕哇切吉沟 29.3 0.003 70 0.000 18 0.370 00 Y13 温泉 治多县贡萨寺 29 0.002 40 0.000 11 0.240 00 Y14 温泉 格尔木市当曲中游 38 0.000 50 0.000 02 0.000 01 Y15 温泉 格尔木市当曲中游 38 0.000 20 0.000 01 0.000 00 Y16 温泉 格尔木市当曲中游 38 0.000 10 0.000 00 0.000 40 Y17 温泉 格尔木市当曲中游 38 0.000 30 0.000 01 0.001 20 Y18 温泉 青藏公路90道班 26.4 0.001 70 0.000 08 0.000 85 Y19 温泉 称多县赛柴沟 35 0.000 20 0.000 01 0.000 00 Y20 温泉 称多县赛柴沟 36 0.000 20 0.000 01 0.000 13 Y21 温泉 称多县细曲沟 42 0.000 20 0.000 01 0.000 11 Y22 温泉 称多县扎朵乡 44 0.001 80 0.000 09 1.800 00 Y23 温泉 玉树市东南你那龙沟 57.5 0.000 30 0.000 01 0.000 01 Y24 温泉 玉树州囊谦县觉拉乡 34 0.000 80 0.000 04 0.000 02 Y25 温泉 玉树杂多县扎沟 31 0.000 80 0.000 04 0.000 02 Y26 温泉 治多县西南 29 0.004 60 0.000 23 0.002 50 Y27 温泉 格尔木市萨底赛保(沱沱河以南) 25 0.000 20 0.000 01 0.000 00 Y28 温泉 青藏公路103道班 61 0.000 60 0.000 03 0.000 01 Y56 冷泉 班玛县俄昂俄加沟 13 0.000 84 0.000 03 0.840 00 Y57 冷泉 称多县直门达北 24 0.005 40 0.000 26 0.540 00 Y58 冷泉 玉树市得窝陇巴南山 9 0.000 30 0.000 01 0.000 01 Y59 冷泉 玉树市东南查盖得勒 24 0.000 50 0.000 02 0.000 01 Y60 冷泉 玉树市西南G214国道边 7 0.000 00 0.000 00 0.000 00 Y61 冷泉 青藏公路104道班 14 0.000 30 0.000 01 0.000 01 Y62 冷泉 格尔木市温泉水库秀沟 10 0.000 70 0.000 03 0.840 00 Y63 冷泉 博鲁克斯坦河 20 0.000 30 0.000 01 0.000 16 表 6 氦气同位素特征及幔源氦占比表
Table 6 Characteristics of helium isotopes and the proportion of helium from mantle sources
地区 样品号 氦含量/% R/Ra 3He/4He(10−8) 幔源氦占比(%) 来源 比值 平均值 比值 平均值 柴达木盆地 Y30 0.068 70 0.041 0.030 5.68 4.29 0.34 壳源 Y4 0.921 00 0.030 4.21 0.20 壳源 Y53 0.116 80 0.010 1.95 0.00 壳源 Y旱 0.014 45 0.050 6.59 0.42 壳源,少量幔源 Y9-8 1.100 00 0.020 3.00 0.09 壳源 共和盆地 Y36 0.027 43 0.030 0.056 4.23 7.93 0.20 壳源 Y37 0.028 67 0.028 3.92 0.17 壳源 Y39 0.022 34 0.008 1.19 0.07 壳源 Y40 0.024 33 0.023 3.21 0.11 壳源 Y41 0.000 88 0.068 9.58 0.69 壳源,少量幔源 Y42 0.071 54 0.020 2.74 0.07 壳源 Y43 0.837 91 0.003 0.42 0.14 壳源 Y44 0.034 47 0.023 3.26 0.11 壳源 Y45 0.055 44 0.033 5.26 0.30 壳源 Y46 0.090 68 0.012 1.74 0.02 壳源 Y47 0.867 17 0.018 2.52 0.05 壳源 Y48 0.052 22 0.013 1.84 0.01 壳源 Y69 0.022 22 0.013 1.84 0.01 壳源 Y70 0.008 28 0.009 1.25 0.07 壳源 Y71 0.005 24 0.079 11.07 0.83 壳源,少量幔源 Y72 0.000 56 0.041 5.80 0.35 壳源 Y73 0.000 47 0.007 0.99 0.09 壳源 南祁连盆地 Y31 0.054 90 0.05 0.050 7.09 7.09 0.46 壳源,少量幔源 表 7 水溶氦气生氦量计算表
Table 7 Calculation table for helium production from water-soluble helium gas
地区 地层/岩性 年龄
(Ma)U(10−6) Th(10−6) 面积
(km2)高度加深度
或厚度(km)体积
(km3)密度
(g/cm3)生氦量
(108 m3)柴达木盆地 / / / / / / / / 39.49① 南祁连盆地 泥盆纪
花岗岩400 19.60 14.50 1165.00 0.80 932.00 2.50 1.90 玛多地区 三叠纪巴颜喀拉群 220 12.90 10.93 2821.00 0.80 2256.80 2.30 1.46 共和盆地 印支期中酸性侵入岩 236 17.08② 30.65② 875.26 1.90 1662.99 2.50 2.16 ①引自晁海德等(2022);②引自陈建洲等(2023) 表 8 满足评价标准的样品氦含量、温度统计表
Table 8 Statistical Table for Helium Content and Temperature of Samples that Meet Evaluation Criteria
样品号 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) 样品号 水温(℃) 氦含量(%) Y4 82 0.921 00 Y45 62.00 0.055 44 Y5 73 0.842 10 Y46 38.00 0.090 68 Y6 55 0.091 70 Y47 40.00 0.867 17 Y8 53 0.785 80 Y48 98.00 0.052 22 Y30 84.4 0.068 70 Y51 8 0.763 20 Y31 49.33 0.054 90 Y53 22 0.116 80 Y42 33.00 0.071 54 Y碱 / 0.650 70 Y43 67.00 0.837 91 Y9-8 / 1.100 00 表 9 氦含量、矿化度统计表
Table 9 Statistical Table of Helium Content and Mineralization
样品号 氦含量(%) 矿化度(g/l) 样品号 氦含量(%) 矿化度(g/l) Y1 0.000 70 0.55 Y38 0.000 53 1.43 Y2 0.003 60 0.39 Y39 0.022 34 1.00 Y9 0.000 20 0.91 Y44 0.034 47 1.00 Y18 0.001 70 1.02 Y48 0.052 22 1.41 Y23 0.000 30 1.30 Y57 0.005 40 0.47 Y26 0.004 60 1.25 Y62 0.000 70 0.82 Y28 0.000 60 1.46 Y64 0.000 40 0.27 Y30 0.06870 2.91 Y66 0.001 30 1.55 Y31 0.054 90 0.93 Y72 0.000 56 0.51 Y33 0.014 90 0.88 (矿化度数据源于马兴华等(2012)) -
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