ISSN 1009-6248CN 61-1149/P 双月刊

主管单位:中国地质调查局

主办单位:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心
中国地质学会

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    新疆东天山黄山地区岩浆铜镍矿床特征对比及找矿启示

    Comparison of Magmatic Cu-Ni Deposits in Huangshan Area, East Tianshan and Its Implications for Prospecting

    • 摘要: 新疆东天山黄山地区分布有黄山东、黄山西和黄山南等众多铜镍岩浆硫化物矿床,是中国最重要的镍矿产地之一。笔者在前人研究成果基础上,讨论了黄山地区不同含矿岩体成岩成矿过程的异同及地质意义。锆石年龄和岩石地球化学特征表明黄山东、黄山西和黄山南岩体源区性质相似;橄榄石Fo值和母岩浆组分估算显示这些岩体均为高镁玄武岩经历深部结晶分异形成的镁铁–超镁铁质岩体。同位素及微量元素模拟结果表明这些岩体的原生岩浆普遍在深部混染了5%~30%的地壳物质,并发生了深部硫化物熔离。相较于黄山东和黄山西矿床,黄山南矿床100%硫化物中具有较高的Ni、Cu、Pt、Pd含量。模拟计算显示黄山南矿床的R值高于黄山东和黄山西矿床,表明黄山南矿床中与硫化物液相发生反应的硅酸盐岩浆数量更多。橄榄石高Fo值以及硫化物低Cu/Pd值显示黄山南岩体橄榄石结晶和硫化物熔离的时间更早。结合不同岩体的剖面形态及埋深,笔者认为黄山南岩体可能为深部岩浆房与浅部岩浆房的通道。相较于黄山南岩体,黄山东和黄山西岩体可能为岩浆通道上部变宽部位。黄山南岩体底部及深部岩浆通道经历了多阶段持续的侵位–补给和硫化物聚集作用,在深部通道系统变缓处、构造有利空间具有良好的成矿潜力。

       

      Abstract: The Huangshan area is the one of the most important ore field of nickel in the East Tianshan area and include the Huangshandong, Huangshanxi and Huangshannan magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposits. On the basis of the previous research achievements, we discuss the similarities and differences of the magmatic sulfide Ni-Cu deposits in Huangshan area in this paper. The zircon age and geochemistry characteristics show that Huangshandong, Huangshanxi and Huangshannan intrusions have the similar magmatic sources. The olivine Fo and estimated results indicate that the parental magma of these intrusions is supposed to be high Mg in composition and experienced the early olivine crystallization. The isotope and trace elements data show that the magma of these intrusion was formed by the mixing of a mafic magma derived from a depleted mantle with a granitic melt derived from a juvenile arc crust and occurred sulfide segregation in depth. Compared with the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits, the 100% sulfide of the Huangshannan deposit have the higher contents of Ni, Cu, Pt and Pd. The simulated calculation show that the Huangshannan deposit have the higher R factor than Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits, which indicated there are more silicate magmas reacted with the sulfide liquid in the Huangshannan deposit. The high oilvine Fo content and low sulfide Cu/Pd ratio in the Huangshannan intrusion indicate the time of olivine fractional crystallization and sulfide segregation is before the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi deposits. Combined with the profile shapes and cover depth of these intrusions, we suggest that the Huangshannan intrusion can be regarded as magma conduits between magma chamber while the Huangshandong and Huangshanxi intrusions may be the lower part of the magma chambers. The bottom of Huangshan intrusion and the underlying deep magma conduit have experienced multi-stage continuous emplacement, recharge, and sulfide accumulation. These processes indicate favorable ore-forming potential, particularly within the structural space created by the slowing down of the deep channel system.

       

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