环青海湖区土壤与湖水重金属污染特征、生态风险及来源解析

李广英; 楚小云; 邓得玲; 杜敏洁; 赵筱媛; 张淼; 王凌青

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2025060

环青海湖区土壤与湖水重金属污染特征、生态风险及来源解析

Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics, Ecological Risks and Sources in Soil and Lake Water Around Qinghai Lake

摘要

摘要:
目的青海湖流域作为重要的高原湖泊生态系统，其土壤、湖水重金属污染问题对区域生态环境与生物安全具有重要影响，但相关污染特征与来源尚缺乏系统研究。
方法本研究通过对青海湖周边土壤及湖水中5种重金属元素（Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd）的浓度进行测定，采用地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估其污染特征与生态风险，运用PMF模型和SOM方法解析污染来源及聚类特征。
结果结果表明，Cu、Zn、Cr的地质累积指数均为负值，处于无污染状态，Pb和Cd表现为轻度至中度污染。
结论依据《地表水环境质量标准》（GB3838–2002）评价湖水水质，Cu、Zn、Cd符合II类水标准，Pb则达到V类水标准，土壤污染主要受自然地质背景、工业及农业活动的综合影响。

Abstract:
Objective‌ As an important plateau lake ecosystem, the heavy metal pollution of soil and lake water in Qinghai Lake Basin has an important impact on regional ecological environment and biosafety, but the related pollution characteristics and sources are not systematically studied.
Methods In this study, the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd) in the soil and lake water of Qinghai Lake Basin were measured, the pollution characteristics and ecological risks were assessed by the local accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method, and the pollution sources and clustering characteristics were analyzed by PMF model and SOM method.
Results The results show that the ground accumulation indices of Cu, Zn and Cr are all negative, and they are in a pollution-free state, while Pb and Cd are mildly to moderately polluted.
Conclusion According to the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002), the lake water quality is evaluated. Cu, Zn and Cd meet the Class II water standard, and Pb meets the Class V water standard. Soil pollution is mainly influenced by the natural geological background, industrial and agricultural activities.

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