ISSN 1009-6248CN 61-1149/P 双月刊

主管单位:中国地质调查局

主办单位:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心
中国地质学会

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    赣南楂山里超大型萤石矿床成因:来自主微量元素、Nd同位素和H-O同位素的制约

    Genesis of the Gannan Zhashanli Super-Large Fluorite Deposit: Constraints from Major-Trace Elements, Nd Isotopes, and H-O Isotopes

    • 摘要: 楂山里萤石矿为赣南地区新近发现的超大型萤石矿床,为江西省内最大萤石矿床,突破了同类型萤石矿床矿体传统矿化垂幅的认识。由于发现较晚,该矿床研究程度相对较低,其成矿机制是亟待研究解决的重要问题。笔者在大量野外地质工作的基础上,针对该矿床的成矿物质来源、成矿环境、沉淀机制,开展了岩(矿)相学、岩矿石地球化学、H-O同位素、萤石稀量元素原位分析等方面研究。楂山里萤石矿床成矿作用可划分为热液成矿期和表生氧化期两个矿化期和4个矿化阶段。其中,热液成矿期进一步划分为成矿早阶段(萤石–石英–硫化物阶段)、成矿主阶段(石英–萤石阶段)、成矿晚阶段(萤石–方解石–石英阶段)。表生氧化期主要为氧化作用阶段。H-O同位素特征表明萤石成矿流体主要来源于大气降水及其加热形成的地热水。萤石原位稀土元素分析表明,萤石为热液成因,由同源同期流体于中低温还原环境形成。萤石、围岩及岩脉主微量元素、Nd同位素地球化学研究表明:萤石成矿物质来源大陆地壳,Ca主要来源于白垩系碎屑岩及南华系变质岩,F主要来源于深部过铝质钙碱性黑云母花岗岩。区内深部花岗岩体的放射性成因热叠加异常地温梯度热与晚白垩世中基性火山活动共同构成了萤石的成矿热源。楂山里超大型萤石矿床属古地热循环浅成中低温热液充填型萤石矿床。

       

      Abstract: The Zhashanli fluorite deposit is a newly discovered super-large deposit in southern Jiangxi Province, and currently ranks as the largest of its kind in Jiangxi. Its discovery has challenged conventional understanding of the vertical extent of mineralization in similar types of fluorite deposits. Due to its recent identification, the deposit remains relatively understudied, and its metallogenic mechanism constitutes a key scientific question that demands further investigation. Based on extensive fieldwork, this study investigated the sources of ore-forming materials, metallogenic environment, and precipitation mechanisms of the deposit through integrated petrographic (ore microscopic) studies, whole-rock and ore geochemistry, H-O isotope analysis, and in situ trace element analysis of fluorite. The main findings are as follows: The mineralization of the Zhashanli fluorite deposit can be classified into two metallogenic periods and four mineralization stages. The two metallogenic periods are the hydrothermal mineralization period and the supergene oxidation period. The hydrothermal mineralization period is further subdivided into three stages: an early mineralization stage (fluorite-quartz-sulfide stage), a main mineralization stage (quartz-fluorite stage), and a late mineralization stage (fluorite-calcite-quartz stage). The H-O isotopic compositions indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the fluorite deposit were primarily derived from meteoric water and its thermally evolved geothermal water. In situ rare earth element (REE) analysis of fluorite demonstrates a hydrothermal origin, with mineralization precipitated from homologous coeval fluids under moderate-low temperature reducing conditions. Geochemical studies of major-trace elements and Nd isotopes in fluorite, wall rocks, and dikes reveal that: the ore-forming materials of fluorite were derived from the continental crust, with Ca predominantly sourced from Cretaceous clastic rocks and Nanhua metamorphic rocks, while F was mainly derived from deep-seated peraluminous calc-alkaline biotite granites. In this region, the radiogenic heat from deep-seated granitic intrusions, anomalous geothermal gradients, and Late Cretaceous intermediate-mafic volcanic activities collectively constituted the thermal sources for fluorite mineralization. In this region, radiogenic heat from deep-seated granitic intrusions, anomalous geothermal gradients, and Late Cretaceous intermediate-mafic volcanic activities collectively constituted the thermal sources for fluorite mineralization. The Zhashanli super-large fluorite deposit is classified as a paleo-geothermal circulation-related, shallow epithermal low-to-medium temperature hydrothermal vein-type fluorite deposit.

       

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