Abstract: The Liuwanqu deposit is one of the most important VMS-type deposits in North Qilian area. However, due to the complexity of the geological background in this region, the ore body has been reformed seriously by the later structure, the distribution rule of the ore body is difficult to grasp, and the prospecting breakthrough has not been achieved. In this paper, combined with the latest exploration results, the geology of mining area and deposit have been analyzed, and the characteristics of mineralization zone, orebody, ore fabric, mineral composition and associated relationship, the alteration of surrounding rock and so on have been sμmmarized. The ore-controlling conditions of the ore deposits in this area have been discussed, which have been compared with typical ore deposits at home and abroad. The ore-forming in this area is obviously influenced by stratigraphic, structural and metamorphic factors. The distribution of ore bodies has a certain regularity. In the west of the 35 line of the Liuwanqu deposit, the mainly control heights of the ore body are 3000~3500m, while the ones in the east are 2700~3 00m. The ore body is not yet trapped to the deep part, which has large potential of deep prospecting.