Geological Features of Ore Deposit and Diagenetic and Metallogenic Model of the Hadamengou Gold Ore Field in Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 哈达门沟金矿田矿（化）体有5种表现形式：钾长石脉型矿（化）体、石英脉型矿（化）体、复脉型矿（化）体、石英-钾长石脉型矿（化）体及蚀变岩型矿（化）体。矿石类型有4类：第一类，钾长石脉型矿石；第二类，石英脉型矿石；第三类，石英-钾长石脉型矿石；第四类，蚀变岩型矿石。矿田内矿床矿化类型主要有黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化及方铅矿化；矿田内围岩蚀变有钾长石化、硅化、绿泥石化、绿帘石化、绢云母化及碳酸盐化等。蚀变相严格分为内、外蚀变带。内蚀变带为硅化和钾化；外蚀变带为绿泥石化和绿帘石化以及绢云母化；而碳酸盐化贯穿于整个矿（化）体。矿（化）体5种表现形式，矿石的4类型及围岩蚀变的分带性互为因果，相互解释，互相对应。钾长石脉型矿（化）体、石英脉型矿（化）体有规律的两壁含Au量高于中部的含Au量；各类矿（化）体含Au量不同性及各类矿（化）体中石英-钾长石脉型矿（化）体含Au量最高性；单一矿（化）体中矿石类型具多样性、复杂性；围岩蚀变分为内蚀变带和外蚀变带的蚀变分带性，这些均说明了以钾长石脉、石英脉二次成脉岩和含Au熔体流体流一次侵入成矿为主要内容的岩浆通道系统成矿理论的正确性。通过岩浆通道系统成矿理论，矿田成岩成矿模式为：片麻岩成岩之后，发生区域变质作用，形成构造薄弱带，在构造拉张应力作用下，钾长石岩浆侵入形成钾长石脉，随后硅质岩浆侵入形成石英脉，至此，岩浆通道系统形成。经过矿化作用的钾长石脉所占的空间、石英脉所占的空间、含Au熔体流体流所占的空间、包括发生了矿化蚀变片麻岩Au空间，既是岩浆通道成矿系统，同时也是容矿的空间。理论指导生产实践，认识清楚了矿床特征及成岩成矿模式，对于地表找矿与深部找矿，以及提振矿山找矿及生产意义重大。
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关键词:
- 哈达门沟金矿田 /
- 矿床地质特征 /
- 成岩成矿模式 /
- 岩浆通道系统成矿 /
- 高温高压含Au熔体流体流
Abstract: Gold-mineralized bodies of the Hadamengou Gold Ore Field in Inner Mongolia have five main forms:they are potassic feldspar vein type, quartz vein type, two veins type, quartz-potassic feldspar vein type and altered gneiss type. There are four types of ore in this area:potassic feldspar vein type ore, quartz vein type ore, quartz-potassic feldspar veins type ore and altered rock type ore. The wall rock alteration and mineralization include pyritization, brass mineralization, galena mineralization, potassic, silicification, chloritization, epidotization, sericitization and carbonation, etc. Alteration phase are divided into inside and out alteration. Inside alteration zone consists of potassic and silicification and out lteration zone consists of chloritization, epidotization and sericitization. Carbonation exists through out gold mineralized bodies. The five main forms of gold-mineralized bodies, the four types of ore and the zoning of the wall rock alteration, mutual interpretate and correspond to each other. The gold content are higher in the regular two walls of Potassic feldspar vein type gold-mineralized bodies and in the quartz vein type gold-mineralized bodies than in those of the middle part. Mineralized-bodies have different gold content; quartz-potassic feldspar vein type gold-mineralized bodies have the highest gold content. Ore types in single gold mineralized body have the characteristics of diversity and complexity. The zoning property of the wall rock alteration can be divided into inside alteration zone and out alteration zone. These all prove the correctness of the theory of magmatic conduit metallogenic system, in which ore forms in the process of the intrusion of the potassic feldspar vein, the quartz vein and the gold-bearing fluid flow. Based on the magmatic conduit metallogenic theory, the authors infer a diagenetic and metallogenic model of gold ore field. Regional metamorphism occurred after the gneiss diagenesis, forming structural weak zone; under the tectonic tensile stress, potassic feldspar veins formed with the potassic magma intrusion, and later quartz veins formed with siliceous magma intrusion; thus magmatic conduit system formed. The space occupied by mineralized potassic feldspar vein, mineralized quartz vein, gold-bearing fluid flow, including the space occupied by mineralized and altered gneiss, is both the magmatic conduit metallogenic system and ore-holding space. The geological features of ore deposit and the diagenetic and metallogenic model of the Hadamengou gold ore field have great significance for the surface and deep prospecting and the confidence of mine prospecting and production. -
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