Abstract: Central Asia, western Asia and eastern Europe, the important corridor of the Economic Belt of the Silk Road, are connected with China on land. Tectonically, the main part of these areas stretches across the global tectonic-metallogenic domain of Paleo-Asian and Tethys Ocean, and has experienced complex geological evolution processes including supercontinent breakup, convergence, accretion, assemblage and multi-stage mineralization and formed many world-class mineral deposits and petroliferous basins. The reserves of petroleum, natural gas, uranium, copper, chromium, gold, manganese, lead, zinc, potassium salt, Boron, graphite and other mineral resources in these areas rank among the top in the world. Most of the countries in the region are mainly resource-driven economy, with mining or petroleum gas industries as their pillar industries, and have strong will for international technical cooperation and exchange on geoscientific research, geological survey and mineral exploration, so as to serve and promote the sustainable development of mining. This paper gives a brief review of the basic situation of international cooperation between Xi'an Geological Survey Center and the countries in Central Asia, Western Asia and Eastern Europe in the past 20 years, and introduces the mainly progresses and achievements on comprehensive mapping of geology, mineral resources, geochemistry, and the geological comparing of cross-border metallogenic belts and assessing of mineral resources potential, et on, all of which are important for jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative. With the goal of jointly building a China-SCO Geosciences Research Centre and serving the high-quality development of Belt and Road Initiative, the future international cooperation about geological survey and geoscientific research with countries in Central Asia, West Asia and Eastern Europe is prospected.