Abstract: The environment and human health are closely related. Geological work is one of the means for human beings to understand the environment. In the past, geological surveys at home and abroad mainly focused on single elements such as soil and water and human habitation health. The research on comprehensive environmental factors and human havitation health is relatively few. The area of the five northwestern provinces accounts for about 1/3 of the country's total area. Over the past 60 years, geological predecessors have carried out a large number of geological, mineral, hydrological, environmental and other surveys in Northwest China with achieved fruitful results, It lays a solid foundation for the research on the impact of environment on human settlements. During the critical period of transformation and upgrading of geological survey, the author collected the survey results of mineral resources, hydrology, environment, geophysical and geochemical exploration in Northwest China, preliminarily sorted out the characteristics of water and soil anomalies in Northwest China, summarized the distribution of major endemic diseases in Northwest China and the research situation of Changshou Village, and analyzed healthy geological problems; It also expounds the research results and experience of the health geological survey team of Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey in exploring health risks in Xinjiang in recent years, and puts forward the research direction and goals of future geological surveys to serve the field of human settlements and healthy environment, and to serve the green development and people's health in Northwest China.