Abstract: Helium is an important strategic rare gas resource for national security and the development of high and new technology industries. It is essential for national defense and high technology, which is an indispensable raw material for China's further development in the fields of “deep space, deep sea, deep earth and deep blue”. At present, helium has become a “bottlenecks” resource in China. Theoretical and technical research on helium resource survey has become one of the most urgent tasks in the field of resource investigation in China to guide and support the investigation of helium resources in China. Industrial extraction of helium resources is currently primarily of crustal origin. Industrial extraction of helium resources is currently primarily of crustal origin. The special characteristics of the “weak source reservoir” and “multiple source co-storage” mechanisms lead to significant differences from conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. This article presents the theoretical and technical issues that need to be tackled and the relevant research proposals based on the current status of theoretical and technical research on helium resource investigation and the special characteristics of helium reservoir formation.