Abstract: Influenced by the special topography and climate, hydrothermal factors of different places in northwest area don't match completely.In northwest area, precipitation of high mountains is rich and thermal is in sufficient, which is contrary to that in side basin.A bominable climate affects the growth of vegetation and soil.As a result, superficial ecosystem becomes very fragile and a serial of ecological and environmental questions are presented including prominent drought, degeneration of vegetation recovery, serious soil erosion, increasing of desertification and soil salinization and so on.In this paper, by analyzing the thermal factors in research area the author clarifies the main ecological and environmental questions and presents some measures and policies of ecological environment recovery.