Abstract: Based on the analysis of the development and utilization, aiming at how to understand the short of water in the northwest China, how to assess the importance of the groundwater resources in the northwest China, how to understand the deep groundwater resources and the environmental geologic problems caused by abstracting groundwater, the authors point out that further assessment groundwater resources in the northwest China, especially the deep groundwater resources, scientific and rational development and reasonable utilization are the one of the most important ways to solve the problem of short of water in the northwest China.