摘要:
西北地区处于干旱、半干旱气候带,降水量少,蒸发量大,水资源紧缺,生态环境脆弱。近半个世纪以来,由于对水资源的不合理或过量开发利用,引发诸如水土流失、土地沙化、次生盐渍化等一系列与水有关的多种生态环境问题。针对存在的上述生态环境问题,提出了如下对策和措施:在水资源利用上要以流域为基础,合理调配,计划用水,既要保证发展经济用水,又要保持生态环境不遭受破坏;严格控制地表水库的建设,充分发挥戈壁滩天然地下水库作用;要把水资源评价与如何开发管理联系起来,建立具有超脱地位和跨部门的权威性机构,按流域对水资源实行统一管理。
Abstract:
The Northwest China covers vastarea with rich in natural resources.They are important bases for sustainable economical development and vital component of development of West China.However,located in arid,semi-arid climate belts,these regions are in short of waterr esources and ecologic environment is fragile.In the last half century,there occurred a series of ecologic environment problems related to water such as soil erosion,land desert ification and secondary salinization due to irrational or over-exploitation of water resources.Aiming at these ecologic environment problems in the regions,the paper presents some counterm easures and preventives steps,which include: water resources should be rationally distributed and planned according to drainage area,ensuring not onl y economical water demand,but keeping ecologic environment from damaging as well; surface reservoirs constructions should be strictly restricted,rather the functions of gobinatural under ground reservoirs ought to be fully taken advant age of; water resources evaluation and managements should be considered together; a detached authoritative organization should be established to manage the water resources uniformly.
下载:
