Regional Variation and Influencing Factors of Shear Strength Parameters of Malan Loess in Lüliang Area
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摘要:
为探索吕梁山区原状马兰黄土抗剪强度参数区域上的变化规律，以该地区29个区县94个取样点的马兰黄土为研究对象，通过直剪试验及其影响因素试验，分析区内马兰黄土抗剪强度参数的空间变化规律，及其抗剪强度参数c、φ与天然含水率、天然干密度、增湿含水率、含盐率等影响因素的变化规律。结果表明：在水平地域上，抗剪强度参数c、φ表现为东高西低、南高北低；在垂直空间上，表现为从表层向下黏聚力逐渐增大、内摩擦角逐渐降低的趋势；吕梁山东、西两侧原状马兰黄土抗剪强度参数c、φ受天然含水率、天然干密度的影响较小，离散程度较大；在天然状态条件下，随着含水率的增加，黏聚力c与增湿含水率具有良好的负指数函数关系，内摩擦角φ与增湿含水率呈负线性关系；在同一含水率条件下，含盐率与抗剪强度参数c、φ具有正相关关系；与含盐率相比，增湿含水率对c、φ的影响作用更为显著。该研究可为该地区马兰黄土地层的工程建设及防灾减灾工作提供基础和必备条件。
Abstract:Taking the undisturbed Malan loess from 94 sampling points in 29 counties in Lüliang Area as the research object, the undisturbed Malan loess was subjected to direct shear tests and undisturbed loess wetting water content and salt content shear tests to reveal the loess in the area. The regional distribution of loess shear strength parameters in the area is revealed, and the influencing factors of undisturbed Malan Loess shear strength parameters are analyzed. The results show that in the horizontal area, the shear strength parameters c and φ of the undisturbed Malan loess in the Lüliang area are higher on the east side than on the west side; in the vertical space, the correlation between c and φ and the sampling depth is low. The experiment of influencing factors also reveals that c, φ have discrete distribution with natural water content and natural dry density. Under the condition of wetting water content, undisturbed Malan loess c has a good exponential function relationship with wetting water content, φ has a linear negative correlation with wetting water content, and salinity has a positive correlation with c and φ. The effect of salt content on increasing internal friction angle is more obvious than that of cohesion. Compared with salt content, moisture content has a more significant effect on c and φ. This research provides the foundation and necessary conditions for solving the geological disasters in the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province.
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Keywords:
- Malan loess /
- cohesion /
- internal friction angle /
- wetting water content /
- salt content /
- Lüliang area
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图 1 黄土高原及研究区范围图（a）与研究区地质图（b）
Figure 1. (a) Loess Plateau and study area, and (b) geological map of the study area
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图 2 取样点分布图（a）、取样过程示例图（b～e）与研究区马兰黄土质地分类三角图（f）
Figure 2. (a) Distribution diagram of sampling points, (b～e) examples of sampling process, and (f) triangle map of Malan loess texture classification in the study area
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图 3 西侧黏聚力统计图（a）、黏聚力IDW插值图（b）与东侧黏聚力统计图（c）
Figure 3. (a) Statistical diagram of cohesion on the west side, (b) cohesion IDW interpolation diagram, and (c) statistical diagram of cohesion on the east side
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图 4 西侧内摩擦角统计图（a）、内摩擦角IDW插值图（b）与东侧内摩擦角统计图（c）
Figure 4. (a) Statistical diagram of the φ on the west side, (b) internal friction angle IDW interpolation diagram, and (c) statistical diagram of the φ on the east side
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图 7 吕梁山区马兰黄土抗剪强度参数（c、φ）与天然含水率、天然干密度的关系图
Figure 7. The relationship between the shear strength parameters (c, φ) of Malan loess in the Lüliang area and the natural moisture content and natural dry density
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图 8 不同地区马兰黄土增湿含水率对抗剪强度参数c、φ的关系曲线图
Figure 8. Relationship curve between wetting water content and shear strength parameters (c, φ) of Malan loess in different regions
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图 9 抗剪强度参数c、φ与含盐率、增湿含水率的关系图
Figure 9. Relationship between shear strength parameters (c, φ) and salt content, wetting water content
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图 10 原状黄土c、φ与含水率、含盐率的相关关系分析图
Figure 10. Correlation analysis diagram of undisturbed loess c, φ and water content, salt content
表 1 研究区马兰黄土物理力学指标统计结果表
Table 1 Statistical results of physical and mechanical indexes of Malan loess in the study area
区域 指标 含水率w （%） 干密度ρd（g/cm3） 相对
密度Gs孔隙比e 饱和度Sr（%） 液限wL（%） 塑限wP（%） 塑性指数Ip（%） 内摩擦角φ （°） 内聚力c （kPa） 东侧 最小值 2.75 1.26 2.62 0.71 7.52 11.40 25.72 8.32 21.71 4.88 最大值 18.14 1.84 2.77 1.50 61.42 20.20 46.39 27.84 39.40 61.52 平均值 9.63 1.43 2.67 1.05 24.61 17.27 31.87 14.61 30.75 26.64 标准差 3.96 0.12 0.04 0.19 10.85 1.91 3.89 4.09 4.15 13.36 变异系数 0.4114 0.0820 0.0141 0.1839 0.4407 0.1103 0.1219 0.2799 0.1349 0.5016 西侧 最小值 2.95 1.30 2.35 0.49 2.66 3.66 25.61 6.87 2.55 0.85 最大值 19.15 1.88 2.85 1.23 51.75 28.10 40.75 34.10 44.97 88.62 平均值 9.11 1.48 2.67 1.01 25.00 17.83 31.43 13.60 27.13 22.44 标准差 2.88 0.11 0.10 0.25 8.83 4.15 2.46 5.01 9.28 19.42 变异系数 0.3161 0.0739 0.0374 0.2469 0.3531 0.2330 0.0781 0.3684 0.3419 0.8657 注：表中数据由长安大学地质工程与测绘学院实验中心测试完成（2016～2020年）。 
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