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南秦岭柞水−山阳矿集区金盆梁金矿床载金硫化物矿物学特征及成矿指示

葛战林, 顾雪祥, 章永梅, 郑艳荣, 刘明, 郝迪, 王元伟

葛战林, 顾雪祥, 章永梅, 等. 南秦岭柞水−山阳矿集区金盆梁金矿床载金硫化物矿物学特征及成矿指示[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56(5): 278-293. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023118
引用本文: 葛战林, 顾雪祥, 章永梅, 等. 南秦岭柞水−山阳矿集区金盆梁金矿床载金硫化物矿物学特征及成矿指示[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56(5): 278-293. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023118
GE Zhanlin, GU Xuexiang, ZHANG Yongmei, et al. Mineralogical Characteristics and Metallogenic Indication of Gold−Bearing Sulfides in the Jinpenliang Gold Deposit, Zhashui−Shanyang Ore Cluster Area, South Qinling[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2023, 56(5): 278-293. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023118
Citation: GE Zhanlin, GU Xuexiang, ZHANG Yongmei, et al. Mineralogical Characteristics and Metallogenic Indication of Gold−Bearing Sulfides in the Jinpenliang Gold Deposit, Zhashui−Shanyang Ore Cluster Area, South Qinling[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2023, 56(5): 278-293. DOI: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023118

南秦岭柞水−山阳矿集区金盆梁金矿床载金硫化物矿物学特征及成矿指示

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目“新疆西天山北缘晚古生代斑岩−矽卡岩型铜钼铁多金属成矿与岩浆−热液作用过程”(42130804),中国地质调查局项目“东秦岭高岭沟−五里川一带锑金矿产调查评价”(ZD20220306),陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2023-JC-QN-0284)联合资助。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    葛战林(1992−),男,博士研究生,工程师,主要从事矿床学及矿床地球化学研究。E−mail:gezhanlin@163.com

    通讯作者:

    顾雪祥(1963−),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿床学及矿床地球化学研究。E−mail:xuexaing_gu@cugb.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P575.1;P618.51

Mineralogical Characteristics and Metallogenic Indication of Gold−Bearing Sulfides in the Jinpenliang Gold Deposit, Zhashui−Shanyang Ore Cluster Area, South Qinling

  • 摘要:

    金盆梁金矿床位于南秦岭柞水−山阳金多金属矿集区北部,矿体呈近东西向赋存于上泥盆统桐峪寺组的沉积建造中,受左行韧性断层控制。关于矿石矿物学与金成矿过程尚缺乏系统的认识。基于岩矿相学鉴定、背散射电子图像(BSE)、能谱(EDS)及电子探针分析(EPMA)等方法,查明矿石组构与载金硫化物毒砂、黄铁矿、辉锑矿及白铁矿的矿物学特征,探讨金的赋存状态与成矿物理化学条件,初步厘定矿床成因类型。结果显示,热液成矿期的金矿化以微细浸染型为主,可划分为黄铁矿−毒砂−硅化(Ⅰ)、石英−辉锑矿−白铁矿±锑氧化物(Ⅱ)及方解石−石英(Ⅲ)3个阶段。不同载金硫化物的“不可见金”赋存状态差异显著,由毒砂的晶格金Au+,到早世代黄铁矿(Py-1)的晶格金Au+−纳米金Au0,至晚世代黄铁矿(Py-2)和白铁矿的纳米金Au0。金属矿物组合由毒砂−黄铁矿至辉锑矿−白铁矿,成矿流体由较高温的相对自然金不饱和状态,逐渐演化为相对低温的自然金饱和状态。金盆梁金矿床形成于较高硫逸度的中高温、中浅成环境,属于卡林型金矿床。

    Abstract:

    The Jinpenliang gold deposit is located in the northern part of the Zhashui−Shanyang ore cluster area, South Qinling. The E−W trending main orebodies, occurring in sedimentary rocks of the Upper Devonian Tongyusi Formation, are strictly controlled by the left−lateral ductile faults. To date, there is still insufficient understanding of the ore mineralogy and gold mineralization processes. In this paper, we obtain data from a variety of experimental methods, such as petrographic identification, Back−Scattered Electron imaging (BSE), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), and Electron Probe Micro−Analysis (EPMA), to determine the mineralogical characteristics of gold−bearing sulfides (arsenopyrite, pyrite, stibnite, and marcasite), and discuss the chemical states of Au and physicochemical conditions for gold mineralization. The results show that the micro−disseminated gold mineralization in hydrothermal period can be divided into three stages: pyrite−arsenopyrite−silicification stage (Ⅰ), quartz−stibnite−marcasite±antimony oxides stage (Ⅱ), and calcite−quartz stage (Ⅲ). The occurrence states of “invisible gold” vary greatly among different gold−bearing sulfides, from Au+ in arsenopyrite to Au+ and Au0 in early generation pyrite (Py-1), then to Au0 in late generation pyrite (Py-2) and marcasite. The metal mineral assemblage changes from arsenopyrite−pyrite to stibnite−marcasite, while the ore−forming fluid gradually evolves from relatively high−temperature solutions unsaturated with respect to native gold to low−temperature solutions saturated with respect to native gold. The Jinpenliang gold deposit is a Carlin−type gold deposit, which was formed in a medium−high temperature and shallow−moderate depth with logf(S2) ranging from −8.5 to −4.5.

  • 勘查地球化学经过80多年的发展,在矿产勘探中的地位愈发重要(王学求,2003崔晓亮等,2011赵武强等,2014刘啟能等,2018张荣等,2021史冬岩等,2024)。水系沉积物测量和土壤地球化学测量是两种比较经典的地球化学勘查手段(邓兴智等,2016李本茂等,2017郝玉军等,2017张辉等,2018刘永胜等,2023)。水系沉积物测量的直接性、高效性和经济性特点在矿产勘查中发挥了巨大作用,找到了众多矿床(张运强等,2015赵娟等,2017廖国忠等,2018余元军等,2019)。土壤地球化学测定可以较快缩小找矿范围,较为准确确定异常源位置,具有显著找矿效果(杨笑笑等,2018李新鹏等,2019孙双俊等,2020)。为了进一步缩小找矿靶区,笔者在1∶5万水系沉积物测量所获得的较好HS$ {}_{甲\text{1}}^{29} $Sb(AsAgAu)综合异常基础上,采用土壤地球化学测量、1∶1 万综合剖面测量与槽探等验证方法,发现了4处蚀变岩型的破碎蚀变脉,圈定了3条锑工业矿体,规模为中型。

    矿区坐落于青海省果洛藏族自治州默德县北侧,处于秦祁昆造山系与西藏–三江造山系接触带,默德–马丁增生楔与可可西里森潘周缘前陆盆地的交汇处。划属成矿带为北梵蒂冈卡拉–马尔康Au-Ni-Pt-Fe-Mn-Pb-Zn-Li-Be-白云母,成矿亚带为龙洼–昌马河Au-Sb(稀土、W、Sn)。地质构造演化特征:早期以拉张–裂陷–沉降和沉积作用为主;晚期经历了俯冲、挤压褶皱造山作用和深层次韧性剪切向浅层次脆性破裂演变等过程。地层以活动型内陆海二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层为主,岩浆活动非常微弱。

    矿区主要从老到新出露地层有石炭系—中二叠系布青山群(CP2B)、早三叠系昌马河组下段(T1c1)、早三叠系昌马河组上段(T1c2)、中三叠系甘德组(T2g)。石炭系—中二叠系布青山群(CP2B)岩性以石英长石砂岩、板岩为主,含灰色生物碎屑灰岩。早三叠系昌马河组下段(T1c1)以浅灰色长石硬砂岩为主,硬砂质长石石英砂岩夹粉砂岩夹板岩为辅;上段(T1c2)以浅绿色硬砂质长石石英砂岩与粉砂质板岩互层为主,夹少量含凝灰岩的砂岩板岩。中三叠系甘德组(T2g)以灰色岩屑长石砂岩、细砂–粉砂岩夹黑色板岩与灰绿色片理化长石砂岩为主,含杂砂岩夹板岩千枚岩及灰岩透镜体。

    矿区断裂构造和褶皱构造发育,有一组位于中部玛多北山,西端被红层盆地覆盖,东端向斗格方向延伸,呈NW向的玛多–斗格涌断裂带,其次受印支期构造变形,发育有纲加郞向斜、夺尔贡玛背斜构造,而岩浆岩不发育(图1)。

    图  1  矿区地质简图
    1. 第四系湖积物;2. 第四系冲洪积物;3. 中三叠世甘德组;4. 早三叠世昌马河组上段;5. 早三叠世昌马河组下段;6. 石炭纪—中二叠世布青山群;7. 性质不明断层;8. 平移断层;9. 正断层;10. 逆断层;11. 湖泊;12. 水系;13. 矿区;14. 1∶5万水系沉积物测量范围
    Figure  1.  Geological diagram of mining area

    1∶5万水系沉积物测量发现HS$ {}_{甲\text{1}}^{29} $Sb(AsAgAu)综合异常(图2),异常受控于昆仑山口–甘德区域性深大断裂带,大场金锑矿床与其受控于同一构造带。主元素为Sb,区域背景值为3.14×10−6,呈不规则状,NW向分布,面积约为12 km2,包括72个异常点,其异常下限为4×10−6,峰值为33.48×10−6,均值为7.26×10−6。异常北部和南部有两处内带浓集中心。伴生元素Au,区域背景值为1.21×10−9,异常呈NW向带状展布,面积近3 km2,由32个异常点组成,异常下限为2×10−9,峰值为4.17×10−9,均值为2.5×10−9。此外,在该异常区域中,As区域背景值为20.01×10−6,异常规模较大,具有二级浓度分带;Ag区域背景值为56.10×10−9,其中单点异常强度高,可达1249×10−9。该异常具有面积大和Sb、Au平均值高特点,并伴生大面积As异常及其他多元素异常,元素组合好。主元素Sb、Au在北部套合较好,在浓集中心发现了3条碎裂蚀变带。

    图  2  矿区1∶5万水系沉积物测量综合异常图
    1. 晚更新统冲洪积物;2. 三叠系甘德组;3. 三叠系昌马河组;4. 中二叠系马尔争组;5. 平行不整合界线;6. 地层界线;7. 断层;8. As异常; 9. Sb异常; 10. Ag异常; 11. Au异常; 12. HS$ {}_{甲\text{1}}^{29} $Sb(AsAgAu)综合异常;13. 调查区
    Figure  2.  Comprehensive anomaly map of 1:50 000 stream sediment survey in the mining area

    在1∶5万水系沉积物测量的HS$ {}_{甲1}^{29} $Sb(AsAgAu)综合异常区,进一步缩小找矿范围,布设1∶1万土壤测量进行查证。土壤测量网度为100 m×20 m,采集残坡积层(B、C层)中细粒物质,混入的岩石碎块、植物根系均给予剔除。采样粒度为−20~+80目。共采集样品2742件,包含重复样137件。重复样品合格率为91.7%,分析结果可靠。检测元素是Au、Ag、Cu、As、Sb、Pb、Zn。通过参考区域水系沉积物的异常下限,结合矿区地质地球化学特征最终确定异常下限(迟清华等,2007),获得土壤地球化学测定参数(表1)和元素对数分布图(图3)。Au、Sb变异系数高,分异显著,而As、Sb富集系数高,富集显著(表1)。

    表  1  土壤地球化学测量数据统计
    Table  1.  Statistics of soil geochemical measurements
    元素最大值(Cmax最小值(Cmin背景值(Ca)标准离差(S)变化系数(Cv)异常下限(T)富集系数(Ca/克拉克值)
    Au30.060.311.41.240.8820.35
    Ag53026.358.322.90.39850.78
    As1006.621.65.340.253012.00
    Cu393.76.6228.28.350.29350.47
    Pb67.74.621.33.60.16271.52
    Sb501.14.55.81.295.522.50
    Zn270.919.979.514.80.18951.14
     注:2742件样品,Au、Ag含量为10−9,其他元素含量为10−6
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格
    图  3  土壤地球化学测量数据对数分布图(样本数:2742件)
    Figure  3.  Logarithmic distribution of soil geochemical data (number of samples: 2742)

    元素亲和性在地质体内具体表现为元素组合(戚长谋,1997向文帅等,2024),R型聚类可以分析成矿活动中元素的地球化学行为相似度(邓军等,2000刘永胜等,2023)。将土壤地球化学样品测定结果,通过元素R型聚类分析(图4),认为元素相关系数>0.3时,存在3种元素组合,为As-Sb-Au、Cu-Pb-Zn和Ag。其中,As-Sb-Au为与低温成矿流体活动有关的前缘元素组合,Cu-Pb-Zn为中温元素组合,Ag反映特殊地球化学特点,推测为与热液矿床相关的一套元素组合。

    图  4  土壤样品元素R型聚类分析谱系图
    Figure  4.  R-type clustering analysis of soil sample elements

    1∶1万土壤地球化学测量圈定出6处综合异常(图5),矿区NW方向HT1综合异常NAP值较大,元素组合复杂,呈不规则状,元素组合以Sb、Au为主,Sb异常的浓度分带清晰,中带内带较寛,具有1个浓集中心。其中,Sb1异常面积最大为0.46 km2,平均强度为13.87×10−6,最高强度为50×10−6,变异系数为0.98,外、中、内三带齐全;Au异常浓度分带清晰,具有两个浓集中心,其中Au1异常面积为0.105 km2,平均强度为3.73×10−9,最高强度为30.06×10−9,变异系数为1.16,外、中、内3条谱带齐全(图6)。该综合异常强度高,元素组合相对简单,发育成早三叠统昌马河组上段(T1c2)与中三叠系甘德组(T2g)地层界线夺尔贡马背斜南翼与马德–斗格涌出断裂二次断裂交叉部位的破碎腐蚀变岩体,处于有利的成矿部位,与西北部夺尔贡玛锑金矿点不远,推测为有进一步工作评价意义的矿致异常。

    图  5  矿区1∶1万土壤地球化学测量综合异常及工程布置简图
    1. 三叠系甘德组;2. 三叠系昌马河组上段;3. 蚀变脉体;4. 地层界线;5. 断层;6. Au异常;7. Pb异常;8. As异常;9. Sb异常;10. Cu异常;11. Ag异常;12. 综合异常;13. 综合异常编号;14. 探槽;15. 地质调查路线;16. 蚀变脉体编号;17. 1∶1万土壤测量范围
    Figure  5.  Comprehensive anomaly and engineering layout diagram of 1∶10000 soil geochemical survey
    图  6  矿区1∶1万土壤地球化学测量HT1异常剖析图
    1. 三叠系甘德组;2. 三叠系昌马河组上段;3. 地质界线;4. 异常外带;5. 异常中带;6. 异常内带;7. 辉锑矿矿脉
    Figure  6.  Anomaly diagram of HT1 anomaly in 1∶10000 soil geochemical survey in mining area

    对HT-1(Au-Sb-AS-Ag)异常进行1∶10000路线地质调查,发现多处辉锑矿化硅化蚀变岩转石,随后对矿化点进行稀疏槽探工程揭露控制,发现Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ号破碎蚀变岩脉(图5),均为蚀变岩型,其中Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ号破碎蚀变岩脉中见辉锑矿。

    VI号蚀变脉体由9条探槽控制,蚀变带长约为500 m,产状约为210°~275°∠55°~73°。岩石成分主要为隐晶质石英,次为少量砂岩碎块。矿化以褐铁矿化常见,见少量辉锑矿化。其中,褐铁矿化在石英及砂岩团块表面、裂隙间较为发育,在强硅化蚀变岩的表面矿化较好,地表风化呈黑褐色。辉锑矿多呈团块状、细脉状,具金属光泽。蚀变主要为强硅化,呈致密块状,呈无色–褐色,以细粒–微细粒状石英为主。可见少量金矿化品位显示,矿化较弱,品位为0.11×10−6~0.15×10−6;没有锑矿化品位显示。

    Ⅶ号蚀变脉体由4条探槽控制,蚀变带长约为120 m,宽约为0.8~1.0 m,产状约为230°~245°∠40°~75°。蚀变带内以砂岩和石英为主,含少量黏土矿物,矿化蚀变类型为辉锑矿化和褐铁矿化。辉锑矿化多位于砂岩层间破碎带内,呈团块状、脉状、放射状及针状,呈微细粒状,具金属光泽,品位为0.5%~1%;褐铁矿呈薄层状,在砂岩、石英表面和裂隙内较为发育。两个工程见矿,矿体产出于砂岩和片岩接触部位,长约为75 m,Sb品位为5.08%~11.04%,矿体厚度为0.83~1.08 m。

    Ⅷ号蚀变脉体由9条探槽控制,地表延伸约为650 m,宽约为1~5 m,最宽达26 m,产状约为240°~250°∠55°~73°,沿走向产状变化大。蚀变带出露于砂岩的层间破碎带内,岩石较为破碎而呈碎块状、黏土状,以砂岩、石英为主,含少量泥质片岩。矿化蚀变以辉锑矿化为主,褐铁矿化也较为普遍,其中辉锑矿化主要呈脉状、团块状,少量为针状、放射状,品位约为1%。蚀变以硅化为主,以石英团块和隐晶质石英为主。7个工程见矿,控制矿体长度为552 m,Sb品位为0.98%~22.02%,矿体厚度为0.62~3.68 m。Ⅷ1号矿体由TC607-TC611及TC701等工程控制,长约为592 m,厚度约为1~2.5 m,最大厚度为23 m,平均厚度为2.0 m(图7)。Sb品位为0.57%~5.56%,最高品位为32.91%,平均品位为5.46%。根据推算,334预测资源量为9831 t。

    图  7  VIII1号锑矿体资源量估算垂直纵投影图
    Figure  7.  Vertical and longitudinal projection of VIII1 antimony ore-body resources estimation

    Ⅸ号蚀变脉体由5条探槽控制,地表延伸长度约为245 m,宽为2~4 m,最宽为30 m,产状约为221°~225°∠35°~45°,以缓倾为主,产状不稳定,局部反倾。蚀变位于砂岩层间破碎带内,岩石多呈破碎状和泥质,以砂岩和石英为主,含少量泥质;矿化蚀变以辉锑矿化为主,露头中可见辉锑矿化,探槽中仅1个工程中可见明显矿化现象,其他探槽未见显示。辉锑矿主要呈脉状、团块状,少量以针状、放射状产出,含量约为1%。1个工程见矿,控制长度为193 m,Sb品位为0.98%~22.02%,矿体厚度为0.62~3.68 m。

    研究区内已发现的矿体和矿化体集中分布于昆仑山口–甘德断裂带内或旁侧,该断裂规模大、切割深,为深源的含矿热液和流体提供了运移通道(马彦青等,2013)。断裂带内及旁侧派生的次级断裂主要表现为NW向、NE向和近EW向,次级构造的规模基本框定了矿化带的规模,次级断裂形成的破碎带内普遍发育硅化、褐铁矿化、绢云母化等,区内的辉锑矿化也大多发育在这些破碎带内,是成矿物质的沉淀及富集的有利场所。

    区内矿(化)体赋存于早—中三叠世昌马河组中,与昆仑山口–甘德断裂带密切相关。结合前人对北巴颜喀拉造山带的研究和区域内大场金矿、东大滩金矿成矿时间的研究成果,初步认为本区主要成矿时期为印支造山晚期。

    区内的蚀变主要为硅化和褐铁矿化,少量黄铁矿化和绢云母化,矿化以辉锑矿化为主,具有“黄铁绢英岩化”热液蚀变特征。此外,区内的昌马河组中Sb、Au等成矿元素背景值非常高。因此认为区内成矿物质来源一方面来自于深源的含矿热液本身,另一方面来自于地层岩石中的成矿物质活化补充。

    研究区位于北巴颜喀拉–马尔康Au-Ni-Pt-Fe-Mn-Pb-Zn-Li-Be-白云母成矿带内,带内成矿地质环境优越,已发现的典型矿床有东大滩锑金矿床、大场金锑特大型矿床、加给陇洼中型金锑矿床(何书跃等,2023)。在区内,三叠纪地层为区内的最主要地层,也是发育最为广泛的地层单位,这为区内的成矿作用提供了丰富的物质来源。此外,NE向、NW向、近EW向控矿构造发育良好,从区内土壤地球化学异常分布形态来看,其主要受NE向和近EW向次级断裂构造控制。

    结合研究区和区域上的成矿事实,初步认为本区找矿方向应为构造控矿的中低温热液矿床,主攻矿种为Sb、Au,矿床成因类型为构造蚀变岩型,以Sb、Au元素为主异常元素的1∶1万土壤地球化学综合异常分布地区是较为有利的找矿靶区。早—中三叠世昌马河组地层为本区提供了丰富的成矿物质来源,昆仑山口–甘德断裂带内及其旁侧的次级构造为成矿流体的运移和沉淀成矿提供了空间和场所,区域上的松潘–甘孜洋/海盆(古特提斯洋)向北俯冲碰撞为该区提供了足够的能量。综合认为,本预查区具备成矿所需的物质场、空间场和能量场,其成矿条件非常有利,找矿前景非常好。

    (1)区内地球化学主异常元素为Sb和Au,反映了中低温热液成矿作用,矿化总体呈现西强、北东弱的趋势。Sb、Au为本区成矿潜力大的优势成矿元素,As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag与Sb、Au矿化关系密切,为重要的找矿指示元素。

    (2)区内主要成矿时期为印支晚期,成矿物质来源为深部含矿热液和地层成矿物质的活化,矿床成因类型为构造蚀变岩型。

    (3)本区新发现破碎蚀变岩型中型锑矿1处,矿体受断层破碎带控制;结合矿区所处成矿条件和异常发育情况,建议在矿区外围有利地段开展1∶1万土壤测量。

  • 图  1   秦岭造山带构造单元(a)及柞水–山阳矿集区地质图(b)(据Ding et al.,2022修改)

    1. 第四系;2. 石炭系;3. 泥盆系;4. 下古生界;5. 前寒武系;6. 晚侏罗—早白垩世花岗岩;7. 中—晚三叠世花岗岩;8. 新元古代花岗岩;9. 新元古代闪长岩;10. 辉长–辉绿岩;11. 角闪岩;12. 卡林型金矿床;13. 热水沉积改造型银矿床;14. 热水沉积改造型铜矿床;15. 热水沉积改造型铁矿床;16. 岩浆分结型铁矿床;17. 矽卡岩–斑岩型铜矿床;18. 断层;19. 地质界线;20. 地名

    Figure  1.   (a) Tectonic framework of the Qinliong orogen and (b) geological map of the Zhashui–Shanyang ore district cluster

    图  2   金盆梁金矿床地质图(据苏选民等,2012

    1. 下石炭统二峪河组上亚组下段;2. 下石炭统二峪河组下亚组上段;3. 上泥盆统(未分);4. 上泥盆统桐峪寺组第六岩性段;5. 上泥盆统桐峪寺组第五岩性段上亚段;6. 上泥盆统桐峪寺组第五岩性段下亚段;7. 上泥盆统桐峪寺组第四岩性段上亚段;8. 二长花岗岩;9. 闪长玢岩脉;10. 云斜煌斑岩脉;11. 矿体及编号;12. 矿化体;13. 断层及编号;14. 地名

    Figure  2.   Geological map of the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    图  3   金盆梁金矿床典型矿体与矿石照片

    a. 主矿体赋存于粉砂质板岩的断裂中,石英–辉锑矿细脉切穿毒砂–黄铁矿化蚀变岩;b. 受左行韧性剪切作用,石英–辉锑矿脉呈浅黄色透镜状产出;c. 矿体远端的方解石–石英脉;d. 毒砂–黄铁绢英岩型矿石;e. 石英–辉锑矿脉型矿石;f. 方解石–石英脉手标本;g. 毒砂、黄铁矿呈微细浸染状,见自形毒砂沿边部交代他形粗粒黄铁矿;h. 辉锑矿呈半自形晶,含少量白铁矿;i. 方解石细脉切穿粗粒石英;j-l. Ⅰ~Ⅲ阶段的非金属矿物特征;Py. 黄铁矿;Apy. 毒砂;Stb. 辉锑矿;Mrc. 白铁矿;Q. 石英;Cal. 方解石;Ser. 绢云母

    Figure  3.   Photos of typical orebodies and ores of the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    图  4   金盆梁金矿石硫化物显微特征图

    a~d. 毒砂沿早世代黄铁矿边部或内部交代,构成毒砂–黄铁矿聚合体,见晚世代黄铁矿包含自形细粒毒砂;e~g. 辉锑矿呈自形–半自形粒状,白铁矿和锑氧化物交代辉锑矿;h~i. 黄锑矿和白铁矿的能谱图;Apy. 毒砂;Py-1. 早世代黄铁矿;Py-2. 晚世代黄铁矿;Stb. 辉锑矿;Mrc. 白铁矿;Cvn. 黄锑矿;Q. 石英

    Figure  4.   Microscopic characteristics of sulfides in ores of the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    图  5   金盆梁金矿床矿物生成顺序图

    Figure  5.   Paragenetic sequence of the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    图  6   金盆梁金矿床载金硫化物的元素关系图

    Apy. 毒砂;Py-1. 早世代黄铁矿;Py-2. 晚世代黄铁矿;Stb. 辉锑矿;Mrc. 白铁矿

    Figure  6.   Relationships between selected elements of Au–bearing sulfides in the Jinpenliang gold depoist

    图  7   金盆梁金矿床毒砂、黄铁矿及白铁矿Fe–As–S三角关系图

    Apy. 毒砂;Py-1. 早世代黄铁矿;Py-2. 晚世代黄铁矿;Mrc. 白铁矿

    Figure  7.   Ternary Fe–As–S diagrams of gold–bearing sulfides in the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    图  8   金盆梁金矿床毒砂、黄铁矿及白铁矿Au–As关系图(拟合曲线据Reich et al.,2005

    Apy. 毒砂;Py-1. 早世代黄铁矿;Py-2. 晚世代黄铁矿;Mrc. 白铁矿

    Figure  8.   Correlation of Au–As values in arsenopyrite, pyrite, and marcasite from the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    图  9   毒砂地质温度计的logf(S2)–t图解(据Sharp et al.,1985Zhang et al.,2018

    Apy. 毒砂;Py. 黄铁矿;Po. 磁黄铁矿;Lo. 斜方砷铁矿

    Figure  9.   Logf(S2) vs. t equilibria diagram of arsenopyrite geothermometer

    表  1   金盆梁金矿床矿石类型与硫化物特征表

    Table  1   Ore types and sulfide characteristics of the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    矿石类型金属硫化物特征描述素描图
    毒砂–黄铁绢英岩型 Apy 毒砂(Apy)呈亮白色针柱状、菱形、茅状自形晶,常见晶面裂纹与孔隙;呈独立放射状或沿早世代黄铁矿边部交代形成毒砂–黄铁矿集合体

    Py-1 早世代黄铁矿(Py-1)呈浅黄色–黄白色中粗粒他形晶,孔隙与裂纹发育;内部结构均一,增生环带不明显,边部多被自形–半自形毒砂交代浸蚀
    Py-2 晚世代黄铁矿(Py-2)呈黄白色细粒自形–半自形晶,孔隙与裂纹较少,内部为均质结构;多独立产出,偶见内部包含自形毒砂颗粒
    石英–辉锑矿脉型 Stb 辉锑矿(Stb)反射色为白色–灰白色,多色性极为显著,多呈半自形针柱状、粒状晶,易磨光,常见擦痕。可见白铁矿、黄锑矿(Cvn)等交代辉锑矿
    Mrc 白铁矿(Mrc)呈浅黄白色自形板柱状晶,以似节理状的密集条纹切面为鉴别特征,大多沿辉锑矿边部或内部交代产出,极少数独立赋存于石英中
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   金盆梁金矿床载金硫化物电子探针分析结果表(%)

    Table  2   EMPA data (%) of Au–bearing sulfides in the Jinpenliang gold deposit

    测点号矿物AuSPbBiAgCdSbTeSeAsZnCuNiCoFeMnTiTotal计算化学式
    JPL-gb6-1毒砂
    (Apy)
    19.490.030.1046.050.090.020.050.0335.120.040.04101.06Fe1.03As1.01S
    JPL-gb6-220.860.030.7943.050.0035.480.030.00100.24Fe0.98As0.88S
    JPL-gb6-30.1019.990.030.3344.330.0335.550.01100.36Fe1.02As0.95S
    JPL-gb6-60.0319.440.020.060.0945.440.070.0835.410.03100.68Fe1.05As1.00S
    JPL-gb6-80.1319.210.060.5345.550.020.1035.62101.21Fe1.06As1.01S
    JPL-gb6-100.4719.920.0644.310.010.070.030.0935.50100.45Fe1.02As0.95S
    JPL-gb6-110.1619.440.150.010.0145.660.020.100.0935.73101.36Fe1.06As1.01S
    JPL-gb6-130.0320.530.060.060.070.9943.590.030.050.0535.520.010.03101.03Fe0.99As0.91S
    JPL-gb6-1619.810.020.050.5544.270.000.110.000.0735.44100.33Fe1.03As0.96S
    JPL-gb6-1819.550.050.050.010.6144.690.010.0435.63100.65Fe1.05As0.98S
    JPL-gb6-190.0320.430.010.7843.570.010.0535.160.03100.07Fe0.99As0.91S
    JPL-gb6-4早世代
    黄铁矿
    (Py-1)
    52.370.040.020.020.010.070.1447.180.0299.86Fe0.52S
    JPL-gb6-70.0551.610.011.750.0946.59100.09Fe0.52S
    JPL-gb6-951.390.140.050.030.060.110.110.030.0947.040.0099.05Fe0.53S
    JPL-gb6-140.3052.140.040.000.010.060.050.260.0546.250.0299.18Fe0.51S
    JPL-gb6-1552.550.010.020.040.200.1546.770.0299.75Fe0.51S
    JPL-gb6-5晚世代
    黄铁矿
    (Py-2)
    52.310.011.180.060.0546.1299.74Fe0.51S
    JPL-gb6-1251.950.010.060.700.040.1246.590.0399.50Fe0.51S
    JPL-gb6-1752.180.120.030.010.450.060.010.0447.010.0199.91Fe0.52S
    JPL-gb6-200.2550.673.040.130.050.0446.02100.21Fe0.52S
    JPL-gb5-1辉锑矿
    (Stb)
    27.270.0171.580.090.050.040.000.0599.10Sb0.69S
    JPL-gb5-428.660.150.0371.030.040.070.050.04100.06Sb0.65S
    JPL-gb5-50.2627.640.0971.080.110.010.020.000.0099.22Sb0.68S
    JPL-gb5-728.680.170.120.0371.050.010.120.03100.20Sb0.65S
    JPL-gb4-128.320.130.030.0270.920.040.010.090.060.020.000.030.0199.69Sb0.66S
    JPL-gb4-428.9871.520.020.160.030.02100.74Sb0.65S
    JPL-gb4-527.360.400.0771.890.060.090.030.070.130.060.00100.16Sb0.69S
    JPL-gb4-60.2927.970.0271.240.010.160.090.010.0199.79Sb0.67S
    JPL-gb4-90.0428.900.120.0670.780.020.210.050.060.01100.24Sb0.64S
    JPL-gb4-1029.030.0671.020.070.010.110.070.040.010.01100.43Sb0.64S
    JPL-gb4-1128.730.010.0470.490.120.110.0499.54Sb0.65S
    JPL-gb4-120.1528.310.030.0771.260.000.000.110.030.000.010.040.02100.04Sb0.66S
    JPL-gb4-2白铁矿
    (Mrc)
    0.1652.840.200.170.120.1646.490.03100.18Fe0.51S
    JPL-gb4-30.0552.610.090.060.011.270.000.110.020.150.1246.490.020.00100.98Fe0.51S
    JPL-gb4-70.1448.730.010.004.540.010.030.050.2241.1994.90Fe0.49S
    JPL-gb4-848.140.023.880.010.020.090.2241.430.0493.86Fe0.49S
    JPL-gb5-30.0752.970.010.250.020.040.130.2445.8799.61Fe0.50S
    JPL-gb5-652.270.130.090.1445.5698.19Fe0.50S
    JPL-gb5-80.0752.570.080.090.030.040.080.1745.890.0599.06Fe0.50S
    JPL-gb5-953.650.030.000.010.070.160.0946.800.01100.83Fe0.50S
     注:“−”表示低于检出限。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-02-08
  • 修回日期:  2023-06-10
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-07-19
  • 刊出日期:  2023-10-19

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