雅鲁藏布江中游石冰川发育特征及潜在成灾机制分析

刘勇; 张文; 魏良帅

doi:10.12401/j.nwg.2023136

雅鲁藏布江中游石冰川发育特征及潜在成灾机制分析

中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所，四川成都　611734

基金项目: 中国地质调查局项目“长江上游水文地质与水资源调查监测”（DD20221757），四川省自然资源厅项目“四川省黄河流域地下水资源调查（2023-2025）”（N5100012023000974），西藏自治区自然资源厅项目“西藏自治区地质灾害防治技术研究与示范”（藏财采[2020]0890-1）联合资助。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘勇（1989− ），男，博士，工程师，主要从事水文地质和环境地质研究工作。E−mail：1039786137@qq.com

通讯作者:
张文（1985−），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事工程地质和环境地质研究工作。E−mail：3463287@qq.com。

中图分类号: P66
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-22
- 修回日期: 2023-07-17
- 网络出版日期: 2023-07-19
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-19

Developmental Characteristics and Potential Disaster Mechanism of Rock Glaciers in the Middle Reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River

Institute of Exploration Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Chengdu 611734, Sichuan, China

摘要

摘要:
石冰川是以冰岩混合物为基础在重力和冻融作用下形成的一类具有蠕滑特征的冰缘地貌，大量分布于中国青藏高原和天山地区，了解其发育特征对于研究高寒山区环境演化和致灾机理具有重要的理论和现实意义。近年来的监测研究发现，受气候变暖影响，石冰川表面蠕滑出现了显著的加速过程，形成泥石流或滑坡的风险增大。青藏高原是全球气候变暖的敏感区，由气候变暖引起的地质灾害受到广泛关注。鉴于此，笔者采用现场测量、遥感解译和理论分析的方法，分析并探讨了雅鲁藏布江中游桑−加峡谷两岸石冰川的发育特征和潜在成灾机制。结果表明，石冰川的形成和发育与孕育基床的地形、气候和太阳辐射有关，在气温升高、短历时强降雨或强烈地震作用下，石冰川易形成泥石流或滑坡灾害威胁下游，主要表现为石冰川下游段组成物质的不稳定性。
- 石冰川 /
- 雅鲁藏布江 /
- 成灾机制 /
- 发育特征 /
- 遥感
Abstract:
Rock glaciers are a type of ice-marginal landforms with creep-slip characteristics formed by gravity and freeze-thaw based on ice and rock mixtures, and they have a large distribution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Tianshan Mountains in China. Monitoring studies in recent years have found that a significant acceleration process of creep slip on the surface of rock glaciers has occurred under the influence of climate warming, and the risk of forming mudflows or landslides has increased. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a sensitive area of global warming, and the geological disasters caused by climate warming have received wide attention. In view of this, this paper analyzes and discusses the development characteristics and potential disaster mechanisms of rock glaciers on both sides of the Sangri-Jiacha Gorge in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River using field measurements, remote sensing interpretation and theoretical analysis. The results show that the formation and development of rock glaciers are related to the topography, climate and solar radiation of the nurturing environment, and that they are prone to form mudflows or landslides threatening the downstream under the effect of rising temperature, short-duration heavy rainfall or strong earthquakes, mainly manifested by the instability of the constituent materials of the downstream section of rock glaciers.
- rock glacier /
- Yarlung Zangbo River /
- disaster mechanism /
- development characteristics /
- remote sensing

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地理位置图

a．研究区地形分布图；b.研究区遥感影像图；c.典型石冰川全貌

Figure 1. Location map of the study area

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图 2 典型石冰川遥感影像分布图

Figure 2. Distribution of remote sensing images of typical rock glaciers

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图 3 典型石冰川分布示意图

Figure 3. Typical rock glacier distribution diagram

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图 4 典型冰碛型石冰川

Figure 4. Typical moraine-type rock glacier

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图 5 典型倒石堆型石冰川

Figure 5. Typical talus-type rock glacier

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图 6 研究区石冰川分布图

Figure 6. Distribution map of rock glaciers in the study area

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图 7 石冰川属性参数统计图

a. 石冰川平面面积分布图；b. 石冰川末端高程分布图；c. 石冰川顶部高程分布图；d. 石冰川长度分布图；e. 石冰川长宽比分布图；f. 石冰川平均坡度分布图

Figure 7. Rock glacier property parameter statistics

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图 8 研究区石冰川坡度和流向分布图

Figure 8. Distribution of slope and flow direction of rock glaciers in the study area

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图 9 巴龙贡巴倒石堆型石冰川表层照片

Figure 9. Surface layer of Barungunba talus-type rock glacier

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图 10 噶琼绒冰碛型石冰川照片

Figure 10. Gaqiongrong moraine type rock glacier

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图 11 岩屑尺寸统计图

巴龙贡巴石冰川C₄₀=31.7%；噶琼绒冰碛型石冰川C₄₀=20.4%

Figure 11. Rock chip size statistics

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图 12 岩屑磨圆度统计

外环为巴龙贡巴石冰川，SA=0.71；内环为噶琼绒冰碛型石冰川，SA=1.08

Figure 12. Rock chip grinding roundness statistics

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图 13 沃德贡杰石冰川分布全貌图

a．沃德贡杰石冰川三维地形分布图；b.沃德贡杰石冰川全貌

Figure 13. Full view of the Waldegrenje Rock Glacier

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图 14 沃德贡杰石冰川轮廓线分布图（底图为1965年锁眼卫星影像）

Figure 14. Distribution of contour lines of the Waldegunjerite glacier

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图 15 沃卡盆地东侧冰蚀槽谷前缘淤堵照片

Figure 15. Siltation at the leading edge of the ice-eroded trough valley on the east side of the Voka Basin

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表 1 遥感影像信息表

Table 1 Remote Sensing Image Information

采集时间	景号	传感器	分辨率（m）	产品级别	轨道号
2020-10-27	8369717	PMS	1	L1A	33461
2020-11-01	8317957	PMS	1	L1A	33533
2020-11-01	8317956	PMS	1	L1A	33533
2020-11-01	8317955	PMS	1	L1A	33533
2020-10-27	8329966	PMS	1	L1A	33459
2020-11-01	8318233	PMS	1	L1A	33533
2020-11-01	8318232	PMS	1	L1A	33533
2020-11-01	8318231	PMS	1	L1A	33533
1965-12-31	\	KH-9	0.6～1.2	\	\
1981-02-18	\	KH-9	0.6～1.2	\	\

下载: 导出CSV

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