Chronology, Geochemistry and Geological Significance of Volcanic Rocks of Dianzhong Formation in Konglong Township Area, Xizang
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摘要:
笔者对冈底斯中段孔隆乡地区典中组火山岩进行了年代学与地球化学研究。西藏孔隆乡地区典中组火山岩为一套酸性、弱铝质的高钾钙碱性岩石，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K、U等，亏损高场强元素Nb、P和Ti，具有明显的壳源岩浆的特征，可能是地壳不同程度重熔作用的产物。根据该火山岩地球化学特征，推测其形成于火山弧构造环境，并且有向同碰撞及板内环境过渡的趋势。笔者获得流纹质凝灰岩样品的LA−ICP−MS锆石U−Pb年龄为（62.70±0.83）Ma，指示其形成时代为古近纪古新世。通过对比分析，该套火山岩喷发在冈底斯中西部要早于东部，印证了印度−亚洲大陆碰撞的穿时性这一观点。
Abstract:In this paper, the chronology and geochemistry of the volcanic rocks of the Dianzhong Formation in the Konglong Township area of the central Gangdise are studied. The volcanic rocks of the Dianzhong Formation in Konglong Township Xizang are is a set of acidic, peraluminous, high-potassium, calcium-alkaline rocks, which are rich in large ion lithophile elements(e.g., Rb, K, U), and are depleted of high field strength elements (e.g., Nb, P, Ti), showing obvious characteristics of crust-derived magma, which may be the product of different degrees of remelting of the earth's crust.According to the geochemical characteristics of this volcanic rock, it is speculated that it was formed in a volcanic arc structural environment and has a tendency to transition to syn-collision and intraplate environment. The study samples are all rhyolite tuffs, and one sample obtained LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 62.70±0.83 Ma, indicating that its formation age is the Paleogene Paleocene. Through comparative analysis, this set of volcanic rocks erupted earlier in the central and western Gangdise than in the east, confirming the view that the India-Asian collision is time-lapse.
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Keywords:
- volcanic rocks /
- Konglong Township /
- Dianzhong Formation /
- zircon U−Pb age /
- geochemistry
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图 1 西藏孔隆乡地区地质简图（据朱弟成等，2006）
1.第四系；2.布嘎寺组；3.帕那组；4.年波组；5.典中组；6.昂杰组；7.永珠组；8.二长花岗岩；9.石英脉；10.整合界线；11.角度不整合界线；12.断层；13.工作区范围；14.采样点位
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of Konglong Township, Tibet
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图 2 西藏孔隆乡地区典中组凝灰岩野外及镜下特征
Figure 2. Field and microscopic characteristics of tuff of Dianzhong Formation in Konglong Township, Tibet
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图 3 西藏孔隆乡地区典中组凝灰岩锆石阴极发光图
Figure 3. Cathodoluminescence map of zircon from tuff of Dianzhong Formation in Konglong Township, Tibet
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图 5 西藏孔隆乡地区火山岩样品TAS分类图
Figure 5. TAS diagram of volcanic rock samples in Konglong Township, Tibet
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图 6 K2O–SiO2 图解（a）和A/NK–A/CNK图解（b）
Figure 6. (a) K2O–SiO2 diagram and (b) A/NK–A/CNK diagram
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图 7 典中组火山岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（a）和球粒陨石稀土元素配分图（b）
Figure 7. (a) Primitive mantle–normalized trace element spiderdiagram and (b) Chondrite–normalized REE patterns for the Dianzhong Formation volcanic rock
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图 8 林子宗群火山岩分布简图
Figure 8. A simplified diagram of the distribution of volcanic rocks in the Linzizong Group
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图 9 典中组火山岩部分熔融与分离结晶作用图解
Figure 9. Diagram of partial melting and separation crystallization of volcanic rocks of the Dianzhong Formation
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图 10 典中组火山岩Y+Nb–Rb构造图解
Figure 10. Diagram of Y+Nb–Rb structure of volcanic rocks of Dianzhong Formation
表 1 典中组凝灰岩（P13DH6）LA–ICP–MS 锆石U–Pb定年结果统计表
Table 1 LA–ICP–MS zircon U–Pb dating Results of Dianzhong Formation tuff （P13DH6）
点号 含量 （10−6） Th/U 同位素比值 年龄 （Ma） Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb （±1 σ） 207Pb/235U （±1 σ） 206Pb/238U （±1 σ） 207Pb/206Pb （±1 σ） 207Pb/235U （±1 σ） 206Pb/238U （±1 σ） P13DH6-01 4.6 287.2 372.7 0.77 0.0467 0.0022 0.0610 0.0028 0.0095 0.0002 31.6 111.1 60.1 2.7 61.2 1.0 P13DH6-02 5.4 307.2 429.7 0.71 0.0506 0.0022 0.0694 0.0028 0.0100 0.0001 220.4 98.1 68.1 2.7 64.2 0.9 P13DH6-03 1.9 129.9 145.8 0.89 0.0484 0.0027 0.0668 0.0042 0.0100 0.0002 116.8 125.9 65.7 4.0 63.9 1.5 P13DH6-04 4.9 241.6 426.8 0.57 0.0509 0.0018 0.0656 0.0023 0.0094 0.0002 239.0 81.5 64.5 2.2 60.3 1.1 P13DH6-06 2.7 189.8 204.0 0.93 0.0513 0.0027 0.0701 0.0035 0.0100 0.0002 257.5 120.4 68.8 3.3 64.2 1.2 P13DH6-07 7.5 240.2 630.3 0.38 0.0470 0.0015 0.0691 0.0024 0.0107 0.0002 50.1 77.8 67.9 2.3 68.6 1.3 P13DH6-08 1.3 86.4 103.9 0.83 0.0497 0.0040 0.0672 0.0052 0.0099 0.0002 189.0 177.8 66.0 5.0 63.5 1.4 P13DH6-09 3.6 211.8 291.0 0.73 0.0481 0.0023 0.0647 0.0033 0.0098 0.0002 105.6 107.4 63.7 3.1 63.2 1.5 P13DH6-10 5.0 240.5 424.6 0.57 0.0472 0.0020 0.0631 0.0028 0.0097 0.0002 57.5 96.3 62.2 2.6 62.3 1.1 P13DH6-11 2.9 187.4 212.2 0.88 0.0517 0.0031 0.0711 0.0039 0.0101 0.0002 272.3 169.4 69.7 3.7 64.6 1.3 P13DH6-12 2.4 113.9 195.9 0.58 0.0528 0.0040 0.0738 0.0060 0.0102 0.0002 320.4 143.5 72.3 5.6 65.3 1.4 P13DH6-13 2.8 202.4 223.9 0.90 0.0525 0.0022 0.0693 0.0028 0.0097 0.0002 305.6 130.5 68.0 2.6 62.0 1.1 P13DH6-14 4.7 261.7 401.5 0.65 0.0504 0.0020 0.0649 0.0028 0.0094 0.0002 213.0 92.6 63.9 2.7 60.2 1.1 P13DH6-15 2.9 161.5 238.8 0.68 0.0515 0.0024 0.0678 0.0028 0.0097 0.0002 264.9 107.4 66.6 2.7 62.0 1.4 P13DH6-16 2.2 120.8 165.4 0.73 0.0522 0.0025 0.0707 0.0034 0.0099 0.0002 300.1 145.4 69.3 3.3 63.3 1.1 P13DH6-17 4.9 238.6 417.2 0.57 0.0510 0.0021 0.0670 0.0030 0.0095 0.0002 239.0 100.9 65.8 2.8 61.2 1.3 P13DH6-18 2.2 164.8 153.5 1.07 0.0525 0.0042 0.0715 0.0057 0.0099 0.0002 305.6 185.2 70.1 5.4 63.7 1.3 注：测试单位为南京宏创地质勘查技术服务有限公司；测试时间为2017年。 
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表 2 孔隆地区典中组火山岩的主量元素（%）、微量和稀土元素（10−6）分析结果表
Table 2 Whole–rock geochemical data of Dianzhong Formation volcanic rocks in Konglong area
编号 P13DH1 P13DH2 P13DH3 P13DH4 P13DH5 P13DH6 岩性 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 SiO2 76.26 75.34 75.22 75.78 74.81 78.14 TiO2 0.25 0.35 0.34 0.26 0.15 0.11 Al2O3 11.83 12.28 12.28 11.94 12.53 11.92 Fe2O3 2.10 2.29 2.35 2.09 2.65 1.52 MnO 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.03 MgO 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.20 0.12 0.17 CaO 0.32 0.40 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.16 Na2O 4.23 4.35 4.40 4.42 4.45 2.81 K2O 3.86 3.71 3.77 3.68 3.87 4.52 P2O5 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.03 LOI 0.47 0.57 0.55 0.50 0.52 1.01 Total 100.09 100.19 100.13 99.91 100.13 100.42 K+Na 8.09 8.05 8.16 8.10 8.32 7.33 K/Na 0.91 0.85 0.86 0.83 0.87 1.61 Ti 1491 2086 2027 1550 894 677 K 32057 30787 31289 30561 32124 37513 P 221 177 177 273 199 122 A/CNK 1.01 1.03 1.02 1.00 1.04 1.61 A/NK 1.06 1.10 1.09 1.06 1.09 1.21 AR 4.99 4.48 4.62 4.87 4.67 2.74 SI 1.33 1.48 1.38 1.89 1.06 1.9 δ43 1.97 2.01 2.07 2.00 2.17 1.53 La 41.00 35.20 36.50 38.00 35.60 28.93 Ce 88.40 76.60 76.30 84.80 74.90 54.68 Pr 9.37 8.64 8.63 8.50 8.51 6.64
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续表2 编号 P13DH1 P13DH2 P13DH3 P13DH4 P13DH5 P13DH6 岩性 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 凝灰岩 Nd 33.40 33.80 30.30 30.60 34.90 24.04 Sm 5.60 5.88 5.61 5.57 5.91 5.29 Eu 0.92 1.01 0.90 0.97 0.94 0.52 Gd 4.68 5.32 5.24 4.90 5.26 4.90 Tb 0.57 0.71 0.75 0.66 0.70 0.84 Dy 2.75 3.90 3.95 3.37 4.03 5.01 Ho 0.46 0.75 0.78 0.61 0.79 1.06 Er 1.30 2.34 2.48 1.78 2.42 3.13 Tm 0.22 0.40 0.43 0.29 0.42 0.48 Yb 1.36 2.29 2.24 1.64 2.46 3.08 Lu 0.25 0.44 0.44 0.30 0.43 0.46 ΣREE 190 177 174 181 177 139 LREE 178 161 158 168 160 120 HREE 11.59 16.15 16.31 13.55 16.51 18.96 LREE/HREE 15.42 9.98 9.70 12.44 9.74 6.34 δEu 0.53 0.54 0.50 0.56 0.51 0.31 δCe 1.06 1.05 1.02 1.11 1.02 0.93 （La/Yb）N 21.62 11.03 11.69 16.62 10.38 6.74 Sc 5.15 5.87 5.27 5.28 6.34 3.79 V 8.42 7.33 5.38 6.66 5.71 9.94 Cr ＜5 ＜5 8.50 ＜5 5.90 16.21 Co 10.90 11.80 8.80 14.00 9.28 0.83 Ni 4.99 4.48 4.62 4.87 4.67 1.18 Rb 80.10 87.10 88.90 78.10 81.60 166.37 Sr 94.40 118.00 118.00 97.40 119.00 50.91 Y 13.00 21.20 22.20 18.40 21.10 29.96 Zr 198 208 197 203 200 106 Nb 6.65 8.80 9.15 7.02 8.70 9.54 Ba 871 852 888 842 922 396 Hf 1.77 2.38 2.44 1.98 2.36 3.58 Ta 0.69 0.84 0.86 0.64 0.87 0.92 Pb 11.80 12.90 11.60 22.20 13.80 23.47 Th 14.70 14.50 15.20 13.50 14.70 18.90 U 1.48 2.01 2.16 1.54 2.07 3.12 Li 16.30 20.50 21.00 15.20 20.60 20.80 Cu 2.48 2.62 3.11 2.05 3.87 1.13 Zn 31.30 21.60 19.80 104.00 20.10 39.86 W 110 120 90 134 93.8 1.44 Sb 0.34 0.42 0.44 0.17 0.38 1.03 注：测试单位为核工业二三〇研究所；测试时间为2017年。
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