Accumulation Characteristics and Enrichment Regularity of Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs in Zhongguai Area, Junggar Basin
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摘要:
致密砂岩气作为一种清洁高效的低碳能源，对能源消费结构转型升级和实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义。准噶尔盆地西北缘中拐地区二叠系佳木河组致密砂岩气的成藏特征及富集规律认识不清。基于钻井、测井、三维地震、岩心和实验分析测试资料，综合分析研究区致密砂岩气成藏地质特征、富集规律及高产主控因素。研究结果表明：中拐地区二叠系佳木河组致密砂岩气类型主要由油型气、煤型气及混合气组成，气源主要来自沙湾凹陷风城组及下乌尔禾组烃源岩，佳木河组烃源岩可能供烃，具有多源供烃特征；气藏类型为岩性–地层圈闭型，具有远源运移，多期次聚集成藏特征；致密储层受浊沸石矿物等溶蚀作用在局部地区形成物性相对较好的储层“甜点”，其主要分布在研究区东部，纵向上主要发育在
4320 ～4640 m和4830 ～4900 m深度段，高产层段主要集中在上部“甜点”带。致密砂岩气藏的富集及高产受控于有利成岩相带上的储层“甜点”和局部发育的古凸起及构造裂缝。Abstract:As a kind of clean and efficient low-carbon energy, ight sandstone gas is of great significance to the transformation and upgrading of energy consumption structure and the realization of the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”. The formation characteristics and enrichment laws of tight sandstone gas in the Permian Jiamuhe Formation in Zhongguai area, northwest margin of the Junggar basin, are unclear. Based on drilling, logging, 3D seismic, core and experimental analysis and testing data, the geological characteristics, enrichment laws and main controlling factors for high production of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area are comprehensively analyzed. The research results show that the tight sandstone gas type of the Permian Jiamuhe Formation in Zhongguai area is mainly composed of oil type gas, coal type gas and mixed gas. The gas source is mainly from the source rock of Fengcheng Formation and Lower Wuerhe Formation in Shawan Sag. The source rock of the Jiamuhe Formation may supply hydrocarbon, which has the characteristics of multi-source hydrocarbon supply; The gas reservoir type is a lithologic stratigraphic trap type, with characteristics of distant source migration and multi-stage accumulation and accumulation; The dense reservoir is eroded by turbidite minerals and other minerals, forming relatively good physical properties in local areas as reservoir “sweet spots”. They are mainly distributed in the eastern part of the study area, and vertically, they mainly develop in the depths of
4320 ～4640 m and4830 ～4900 m, with high yield layers mainly concentrated in the upper “sweet spots” zone. The enrichment and high production of tight sandstone gas reservoirs are controlled by the favorable diagenetic facies zones of reservoir “sweet spots” and locally developed paleo-uplift and structural fractures. -
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图 1 研究区构造位置（a、b）及二叠系佳木河组佳二段综合柱状图（c）
Figure 1. (a, b) Structural location of the study area and (c) comprehensive histogram of the 2nd member of Permian Jiamuhe Formation
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图 2 准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系烃源岩厚度及气源灶分布图
a. 风城组烃源岩及气源灶分布；b. 下乌尔禾组烃源岩及气源灶分布；c. 佳木河组烃源岩及气源灶分布
Figure 2. Distribution of Permian source rocks thickness and gas kitchen in northwestern margin of Junggar basin
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图 3 典型轻烃参数特征图
a. 天然气甲基环己烷指数分布图；b. 天然气环己烷指数分布图
Figure 3. Characteristics of typical light hydrocarbon parameters
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图 4 中拐地区佳木河组天然气δ13C2与δ13C1关系图（底图据孙平安等，2012）
Figure 4. Cross plot of δ13C2-δ13C1 of natural gas of of Jiamuhe Formation in Zhongguai area
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图 5 佳木河组佳二段P1j21砂层组储层甜点分布图
a. 纵向分布图；b. 平面分布图
Figure 5. Distribution of sweet spot in P1j21 sand formation of the second member of Jiamuhe Formation
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图 6 佳木河组佳二段P1j21砂层组储集层空间类型
a.浊沸石溶蚀孔，溶蚀缝，部分孔后期被沥青质充填，铸体单偏光，新光1井，
4558.06 m；b.浊沸石溶蚀孔，溶蚀缝，部分孔后期被沥青质充填，铸体单偏光，新光1井，4586.42 m；c.浊沸石溶蚀孔，微裂缝，铸体单偏光，中佳4井，4637.36 m； d.浊沸石溶蚀孔，后期被沥青充填，粒缘缝发育，铸体单偏光，新光1井，4553.09 m；e.微裂缝，中佳2井，FMI成像测井；f.微裂缝，拐3井，FMI成像测井；g.浊沸石溶蚀孔，微裂缝，铸体单偏光，中佳4井，4636.61 m；h.微裂缝，凝灰岩岩屑溶孔，铸体单偏光，中佳6井，4956.53 m；i.微裂缝，凝灰岩岩屑溶孔，浊沸石溶蚀孔，铸体单偏光，中佳6井，4873.12 mFigure 6. Reservoir space type of P1j21 sand formation of Jiamuhe Formation
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图 7 佳木河组佳二段P1j21砂层组物性与面孔率（a）及浊沸石含量关系图（b）
Figure 7. The relationship between physical property and (a) plane porosity or (b) laumonite content of P1j21 sand formation of Jiamuhe Formation
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图 8 研究区佳木河P1j21砂层组顶面构造图（a）及过井地震剖面（b）
P1j1.佳木河组佳一段；P1j23. 佳木河组佳二段三砂组；P1j22. 佳木河组佳二段二砂组；P1j21. 佳木河组佳二段一砂组；P1j3.佳木河组佳三段；P3w. 上乌尔禾组；T1b. 百口泉组；T2k. 克拉玛依组
Figure 8. (a) The top structure of p1j21 sand formation and (b) seismic profile of Jiamuhe in the study area
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图 9 中拐地区佳木河组成藏事件与成岩演化综合图（据何文军等，2018修改）
C. 石炭系；P1j.佳木河组；P1f. 风城组；P2x. 夏子街组；P2-3w.下-上乌尔禾组；T1b. 百口泉组；T2k. 克拉玛依组；T3b. 白碱滩组；J1b. 八道湾组；J1s. 三工河组；J2x. 西山窑组；J2t. 头屯河组；J3q. 齐古组；K. 白垩系；E+N. 古近系和新近系
Figure 9. Accumulation event and diagenetic evolution of Jiamuhe Formation in Zhongguai area
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图 10 研究区佳木河组致密砂岩气藏成藏模式图
P1j1.佳木河组佳一段；P1j22+3. 佳木河组佳二段二砂组和三砂组；P1j21. 佳木河组佳二段一砂组；P1f. 风城组；P2x. 夏子街组；P2w. 下乌尔禾组；P3w. 上乌尔禾组；T. 三叠系；J. 侏罗系；K. 白垩系
Figure 10. Reservoir forming mode of tight sandstone gas reservoir of Jiamuhe Formation in the study area
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图 11 佳木河组佳二段沉积前古构造图
Figure 11. Pre-sedimentary paleostructure of the second member of Jiamuhe Formation
表 1 研究区佳木河组天然气组分及C同位素组成表
Table 1 Natural gas composition and carbon isotope composition of Jiamuhe Formation
井号 层位 含量（%） 天然气碳同位素δ13C（‰） 甲烷 C1/C1-5 δ13C1 δ13C2 δ13C3 中佳2 P1j21 94.03 0.96 −33.13 −27.87 −27.42 中佳6 P1j21 93.39 0.95 −34.06 −29.34 −28.65 P1j21 93.88 0.96 −34.03 −28.66 −28.5 中佳601-H P1j21 93.46 0.95 −33.47 −28.05 −27.97 新光1 P1j21 92.72 0.96 −32.60 −27.44 −26.53 P1j21 92.45 0.96 −32.42 −27.28 − 2659 
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