Discussion on Structure and Prospecting Direction of Xitieshan Lead-zinc Deposit Sedimentary Basin in Qinghai Province
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摘要:
锡铁山铅锌矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘，矿体主要产于奥陶系滩间山群O3tna-2正常沉积岩段。对深部构造的探测和原始成矿环境的恢复一直是勘查研究工作的重点。矿山以往深部找矿投入了瞬变电磁法（TEM）和可控源音频大地电磁测深法（CSAMT），对深部的结构、构造反映不够清楚，找矿效果也不理想。2020年首次投入了高分辨广域电磁法（WEFM），取得了较好的勘查效果。笔者结合已有的地质资料，对广域电磁法成果进行综合分析，初步认为锡铁山铅锌矿床原始沉积盆地走向为EW向，属于南高北低的抬斜式盆地。受NE-SW向的斜向推覆作用，形成目前盆地的构造形态；同时推测盆地内部存在两条主要的同生断裂。笔者依据同生断裂和已知矿体的空间位置预测了找矿靶区，指出了锡铁山沉积盆地内铅锌矿的找矿方向。
Abstract:Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit is located in the northern margin of Qaidam Basin, and the ore body is mainly produced in the normal sedimentary rock section of O3tna-2 of the Ordovician Tanjianshan Group. The exploration of deep structures and the restoration of the original metallogenic environment have always been the focus of exploration and research work. In the past, transient electromagnetic method (TEM) and controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric sounding (CSAMT) were used in deep prospecting of the mine, which did not reflect the deep structure and structure clearly enough, and the prospecting effect was not ideal. In 2020, the high-resolution wide area electromagnetic method (WEFM) was put into use for the first time, and good exploration results were achieved. Based on the existing geological data and the comprehensive analysis of the results of the wide area electromagnetic method, this paper preliminarily believes that the original sedimentary basin of the Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit is oriented in the east-west direction and belongs to an uplifted basin with the south high and the north low. Due to the NE－SW oblique nappe, the current structural form of the basin was formed; At the same time, it is speculated that there are two main contemporaneous faults in the basin. Based on the syngenetic faults and the spatial location of known ore bodies, this paper predicts the prospecting target area and points out the prospecting direction of lead-zinc deposits in the Xitieshan sedimentary basin.
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图 1 锡铁山铅锌矿区地质简图（据魏俊浩等，2015）
1.第四系；2.新近系干柴沟组；3.石炭系城墙沟组第一岩性段；4.石炭系城墙沟组第二岩性段；5.泥盆系阿木尼克组；6.滩间山群d组第四岩性段；7.滩间山群d组第三岩性段；8.滩间山群d组第二岩性段；9.滩间山群d组第一岩性段；10.滩间山群c组；11.滩间山群b组；12.滩间山群a组第二岩性段；13.滩间山群a组第一岩性段；14.达肯大坂群；15.闪长岩；16.斜长角山岩脉；17.矿体；18.大理岩；19.不整合界线；20.正断层；21.逆断层；22.产状（片理、片麻理）；ATF.阿尔金断层；F1～F6 .断层编号；a.构造位置图：b.矿区地质简图
Figure 1. Geological sketch map of Xitieshan lead-zinc mining area
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图 2 推测深部成矿通道在地表的投影范围示意图
1.第四系；2.新近系干柴沟组；3.石炭系城墙沟组；4.泥盆系阿木尼克组；5.滩间山群d组第四岩性段；6.滩间山群d组第三岩性段；7.滩间山群d组第二岩性段；8.滩间山群d组第一岩性段；9.滩间山群c组；10.滩间山群b组；11.滩间山群a组第二岩性段；12.滩间山群a组第一岩性段；13.达肯大坂群；14.大理岩；15.地层界线；16.断层；17.铅锌矿体；18.推测深部成矿通道在地表的投影
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of projection range of inferred deep metallogenic channels on the surface
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图 3 锡铁山铅锌矿区015线断面及推断成果图
1.滩间山群d段第一岩性组；2.滩间山群c段；3.滩间山群b段；4.滩间山群a段第二岩性段；5.滩间山群a段第一岩性段；6.达肯大坂群；7.变流纹岩；8.地质界线；9.断裂；10.铅锌矿体；11.黄铁矿；12.深部高阻界面；13.预测A级找矿有利部位；14.预测B级找矿有利部位；15.成矿通道（同生断裂）
Figure 3. Cross section and inferred results of line 015 in Xitieshan lead zinc mining area
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图 4 锡铁山铅锌矿区找矿靶区预测图
1.第四系；2.新近系干柴沟组；3.石炭系城墙沟组第一岩性段；4.石炭系城墙沟组第二岩性段；5.泥盆系阿木尼克组；6.滩间山群d组第四岩性段；7.滩间山群d组第三岩性段；8.滩间山群d组第二岩性段；9.滩间山群d组第一岩性段；10.滩间山群c组；11.滩间山群b组；12.滩间山群a组第二岩性段；13.滩间山群a组第一岩性段；14.达肯大坂群；15.闪长岩；16.斜长角山岩脉；17.矿体；18.大理岩；19.不整合界线；20.正断层；21.逆断层；22.产状（片理、片麻理）；23.同生断裂在地表投影；24.物探预测找矿靶区； ATF.阿尔金断层； F1～F6.断层编号； a.构造位置图；b.矿区地质简图
Figure 4. Prospecting target area prediction of Xitieshan lead zinc mining area
表 1 岩矿石电性参数统计表
Table 1 Statistical table of electrical parameters of rocks and ores
岩（矿）石名称 块数 电阻率ρ（Ω·m） 变化范围 几何平均值 块状铅锌矿 34 0.1～11 0.2 碳质绿泥片岩 6 90～810 170 碳质二云片岩 27 14～400 55 钙质绿泥片岩 83 800～ 3700 1800 绢云绿泥片岩 23 530～ 7570 2290 含碳片麻岩 57 140～ 8860 1400 片麻岩 55 440～ 6000 1560 紫色砂砾岩 37 26～ 2800 1160 角闪岩 95 180～ 8100 1400 大理岩 56 650～ 2500 1240 
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