Study on Land Use Change in Daliangshan Area Based on Transfer Matrix
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摘要:
笔者通过遥感解译得到1990年、2000年、2010年、2022年4期大凉山区土地利用/覆盖图，利用转移矩阵的方法，分析4期大凉山区土地利用动态变化情况，并探讨了政策变化对土地利用的影响。结果表明，1990～2022年，大凉山区耕地面积由
11153 km2减少到4090 km2，减少了63%；林地面积由11713 km2增长到18658 km2，增长了59%；草地面积1990～2000年由7708 km2增长到10160 km2，2000～2010年下降到5128 km2，2010～2022年增长到6907 km2，整体面积下降10%；水域湿地与建设用地1990～2022年分别从254 km2和92 km2增长到了520 km2和748 km2，增幅分别为104%与713%，增幅明显。这与大凉山区社会经济发展以及“天保工程”、退耕还林还草等政策的预期结果相对应。再结合土地利用空间变化分析，林地面积的增长主要由耕地转化而来，草地面积初期增长来自林地被砍伐后的逆向演替，在“天保工程”等政策进行保护后，草地面积的增长主要来自耕地。2010年后，大凉山区林地保护政策从种植人工林地转为维护现有成果，因此林地增长速度放缓。总览1990～2022年，尤其是1998年“天保工程”等政策实施后，大凉山区生态环境持续向好，但在实地考察中，仍有部分林地被砍伐后形成草地，且大面积人工针叶林也存在生态系统单一、易发生火灾的问题。笔者通过对大凉山区土地利用变化及其背后驱动因素的探讨分析，旨在为大凉山区生态保护相关政策法规的制定提供支持。Abstract:In this paper, the land use/cover maps of Daliangshan in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2022 are obtained by remote sensing interpretation, and the dynamic changes of land use in Daliangshan are analyzed by using the method of transfer matrix. the impact of policy change on land use is also discussed. The results show that from 1990 to 2022, the area of cultivated land in Daliangshan area decreased from
11153 km2 to4090 km2 , by 63%; the area of woodland increased from11713 km2 to18658 km2, increased by 59%; the grassland area increased from7708 km2 to10160 km2 in 1990～2000, decreased to5128 km2 in 2000～2010, and increased to6907 km2 in 2010～2022, with the overall area decreased by 10%. From 1990 to 2022, water wetlands and construction land increased from 254 km2 and 92 km2 to 520 km2 and 748 km2 , respectively, with an increase of 104% and 713% respectively. This corresponds to the expected results of the social and economic development in Daliangshan area and the policies of "Natural Forest Protection Project" and "returning farmland to Forest and grassland". Combined with the analysis of spatial change of land use, the growth of woodland area is mainly from the transformation of cultivated land, and the initial growth of grassland area comes from the reverse succession of forest land after felling. After the protection of policies such as "Natural Forest Protection Project", the growth of grassland area mainly comes from cultivated land. After 2010, the forest land protection policy in Daliangshan area changed from planting artificial forest land to maintaining existing achievements, so the growth rate of forest land slowed down. Overview 1990～2022, especially after the implementation of the "Natural Forest Protection Project" in 1998, the ecological environment of Daliangshan area continued to improve, However, in the on～the～spot investigation, some woodlands are still cut down to form grasslands, and a large area of artificial coniferous forest also has the problem of single ecosystem and prone to fire. Through the discussion and analysis of land use change and its driver factors in Daliangshan area, the author aims to provide support for further formulation of relevant policies and regulations in Daliangshan area.-
Keywords:
- land usel /
- land use transfer matrix /
- ecological environment /
- driver factors /
- Daliangshan area
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图 2 大凉山区1990～2022年土地利用/覆盖图
a.1990年土地利用/覆盖图；b.2000年土地利用/覆盖图；c.2010年土地利用/覆盖图；d.2022年土地利用/覆盖图
Figure 2. Land use/cover map of Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2022
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图 3 1990～2022年大凉山区土地利用转移动态过程
Figure 3. Dynamic process of land use transfer in Daliang area from 1990 to 2022
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图 5 大凉山区耕地（a）、林地（b）、草地（c）和水域湿地（d）1990～2022年变化趋势图
Figure 5. Change trend of (a) cultivated Land, (b) forest Land, (c) grassland and (d) wetland in Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2022
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图 6 大凉山区1990～2022年新增林地空间位置分布图
Figure 6. Spatial distribution of new forest land in Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2022
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图 7 大凉山区1990～2022年新增草地空间位置分布图
Figure 7. Spatial location of new grasslands in Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2022
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图 8 大凉山区1990～2022年新增水域湿地空间位置分布图
Figure 8. Spatial location of wetlands in new waters in Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2022
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图 9 冕宁水库1990年（左图）和2022年（右图）影像
Figure 9. Image of mianning reservoir in 1990 (left) and 2022 (right)
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图 10 1990～2022年大凉山区林地覆盖率变化
Figure 10. Change of forest land coverage in Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2022
表 1 遥感数据源
Table 1 Remote sensing data source
成像日期 卫星 传感器 条带号 行列号 1989.5.11 LANDSAT5 TM 130 41 2000.1.2 LANDSAT5 TM 130 41 2010.3.18 LANDSAT5 TM 130 41 2022.2.15 LANDSAT8 OLI 130 41 
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表 2 土地利用转移矩阵
Table 2 Land use transfer matrix
不同时期土地利用类型 T2 A1 A2 … An T1 A1 S11 S12 … S1n A2 S21 S22 … S2n … … … … … An Sn1 Sn2 … Snn
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表 3 大凉山区1990～2022年土地利用/覆盖统计表
Table 3 Statistical table of land use/cover in Daliangshan area 1990～2022
地类 年份 1990年 2000年 2010年 2022年 面积（km2） 比例（%） 面积（km2） 比例（%） 面积（km2） 比例（%） 面积（km2） 比例（%） 耕地 11153.65 36.06 9006.18 29.11 7445.54 24.07 4090.61 13.22 林地 11713.27 37.87 11435.84 36.97 18001.54 58.19 18658.72 60.30 草地 7708.18 24.92 10160.67 32.85 5128.98 16.58 6907.76 22.32 水域湿地 254.81 0.82 174.86 0.57 211.56 0.68 520.75 1.68 建设用地 92.98 0.30 126.17 0.41 146.55 0.47 748.17 2.42 未利用地 11.10 0.04 30.25 0.10 0.15 0.00 8.01 0.03
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表 4 1990～2000年大凉山区土地利用转移矩阵（km2）
Table 4 Land use transfer matrix of Daliangshan area from 1990 to 2000
耕地 林地 草地 水域湿地 建设用地 未利用地 合计 耕地 4808.09 2480.85 3725.63 52.36 78.19 8.52 11153.64 林地 2096.85 7367.94 2211.15 14.69 13.11 9.52 11713.26 草地 1934.86 1547.30 4188.39 15.46 10.48 11.68 7708.17 水域湿地 97.69 34.84 27.12 91.31 3.53 0.32 254.81 建设用地 66.11 2.94 2.24 0.64 20.85 0.20 92.98 未利用地 2.58 2.00 6.14 0.41 0 0 11.13 合计 9006.18 11435.87 10160.67 174.87 126.16 30.24 30933.99
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表 5 2000～2010年大凉山区土地利用转移矩阵（km2）
Table 5 Land use transfer matrix of Daliangshan area from 2000 to 2010
耕地 林地 草地 水域湿地 建设用地 未利用地 合计 耕地 3449.82 4223.71 1196.57 49.02 87.02 0.04 9006.18 林地 1064.06 9339.91 997.40 23.00 11.46 0.01 11435.84 草地 2835.05 4362.10 2905.36 38.70 19.36 0.09 10160.67 水域湿地 23.16 34.50 16.20 99.81 1.17 0.02 174.86 建设用地 61.31 29.86 7.19 0.67 27.14 0.00 126.17 未利用地 12.13 11.09 6.27 0.36 0.40 0.00 30.25 合计 7445.54 18001.18 5128.99 211.56 146.55 0.15 30933.97
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表 6 2010～2022年大凉山区土地利用转移矩阵（km2）
Table 6 Land use transfer matrix of Daliangshan area from 2010 to 2022
耕地 林地 草地 水域湿地 建设用地 未利用地 合计 耕地 3176.73 1947.80 1698.90 162.45 458.6 1.02 7445.50 林地 504.37 14408.86 2845.71 123.82 114.88 3.61 18001.25 草地 373.44 2263.38 2331.93 88.34 69.02 2.87 5128.98 水域湿地 8.43 27.47 23.96 142.00 9.45 0.26 211.57 建设用地 27.62 11.15 7.19 4.13 96.22 0.24 146.55 未利用地 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.01 0 0.01 0.16 合计 4090.60 18658.72 6907.76 520.75 748.17 8.01 30934.01
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