Study on Regularity and Threshold Curve of Rain-Induced Loess Landslide-Mudflow
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摘要:
为研究降雨诱发黄土滑坡-泥流的规律，论文设计了6组室内模型试验，分析了降雨诱发黄土滑坡-泥流的宏观变形过程、水文过程及位移变化规律，探讨了不同降雨强度、单次累计降雨量及坡度对滑坡发展的影响，并建立了发生滑坡及泥流时的阈值曲线。研究表明：在极端降雨条件下，黄土斜坡有滑动及滑动转流动两种破坏模式。当短时强降雨发生时，裂隙化斜坡内张性结构面充水，滑面强度降低，滑体以块体形式滑动，整个滑动过程表现出在长期蠕动中叠加间歇性加速滑动的特征，临界阈值曲线为：I=59D–0.67；当持续性降雨发生时，渐进滑动的斜坡体会出现强裂隙化区域，此区域内孔隙水压力持续升高，富水斜坡体会液化流动，流动过程具有持续高速流动的特征，临界阈值曲线为：E=200–2.5I。
Abstract:In order to study the law of rain-induced loess landslide-mudflow, this paper designed six sets of laboratory model tests, analyzed the macroscopic deformation process, hydrological process and displacement change law of rain-induced loess landslide-mudflow, discussed the influence of different rainfall intensity, single cumulative rainfall and slope on landslide development, and established the threshold curve when landslide and mudflow occurred. The results show that there are two failure modes of loess slope under extreme rainfall conditions: sliding and sliding transflow. When short-term heavy rainfall occurs, the tensile structural surface of the fractured slope is filled with water, the strength of the sliding surface decreases, and the sliding body slides in the form of a block. The whole sliding process shows the characteristics of long-term creep superposition intermittent accelerated sliding, and the critical threshold curve is as follows: I=59D−0.67. When continuous rainfall occurs, a strong fissure area will appear on the slope with progressive sliding, and pore water pressure in this area will continue to rise. The water-rich slope will experience liquefaction flow, which is characterized by continuous high speed. The critical threshold curve is E=200−2.5I.
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Keywords:
- rainfall /
- loess landslide-mudflow /
- model test /
- threshold curve
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图 1 物理模型装置和负压计埋设位置
Figure 1. Buried location of physical model device and negative pressure gauge
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图 2 E5试验滑动破坏过程
a.初始状态；b.局部流土（第一次降雨130 min）；c.拉张裂隙（第一次降雨200 min）；d.局部滑动（第一次降雨213 min）；e.裂隙扩展（第一次降雨300 min）；f.滑动破坏（第一次降雨350 min）
Figure 2. Sliding failure process of E5 test
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图 3 E1试验滑动转流动破坏过程
a.初始状态；b.裂隙发育（第三次降雨110 min）；c.局部侵蚀（第四次降雨150 min）；d.渐进滑动（第五次降雨300 min）；e.强裂隙化区域（第五次降雨490 min）；f.流动破坏（第六次降雨300 min）
Figure 3. Failure process of sliding flow in E1 test
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图 4 E1模型剖面2土壤基质吸力随时间变化关系曲线
Figure 4. Relation curve of soil matric suction with time in E1 model section 2
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图 8 降雨期间滑动及流动破坏初始时间
Figure 8. Initial time of sliding and flow failure during rainfall
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图 9 E5、E4滑动转流动过程
a. E5初始滑动；b. E5滑体滑落坡脚；c. E4初始滑动；d .E4滑体堆积坡面
Figure 9. Sliding and transforming flow processes of E5 and E4
表 1 试验工况
Table 1 Test condition
试验
编号边坡
角度降雨
强度（mm·h）单次累计
降雨量（mm）初始
孔隙比E1 30° 6.19 61.9 0.965 E2 30° 5.04 80.71 0.983 E3 60° 6.19 55.7 0.965 E4 60° 5.04 80.71 0.983 E5 60° 17.89 148.5 0.965 E6 60° 16.12 145.1 0.983 
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表 2 马兰黄土的基本物理参数
Table 2 Basic physical parameters of Malan loess
液限（%） 塑限（%） 湿陷系数 初始质量含水率（%） 初始干密度（g/cm3） 33.5 20.3 0.058 15 1.44
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表 3 降雨方案
Table 3 Rainfall scheme
试验编号 降雨次数（次） 降雨持续时间（h） 总降雨量（mm） E1 9 10 557.1 E2 9 16 726.39 E3 9 9 501.3 E4 5 16 403.55 E5 2 8.3 297 E6 4 9 580.4
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表 4 模型试验破坏模式
Table 4 Failure mode of model test
试验编号 破坏模式 降雨强度（mm/h） E1 滑动转流动 6.19 E2 未发生明显破坏 5.04 E3 滑动 6.19 E4 滑动转流动 5.04 E5 滑动 17.89 E6 滑动转流动 16.12
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