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镇域尺度下秦巴山区堆积层滑坡易发性不同单元评价性能对比研究

李泽芝, 王新刚

李泽芝,王新刚. 镇域尺度下秦巴山区堆积层滑坡易发性不同单元评价性能对比研究[J]. 西北地质,2024,57(1):1−11. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023159
引用本文: 李泽芝,王新刚. 镇域尺度下秦巴山区堆积层滑坡易发性不同单元评价性能对比研究[J]. 西北地质,2024,57(1):1−11. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023159
LI Zezhi,WANG Xingang. Comparative Study on Evaluation Performance of Different Units of Susceptibility of Accumulation Layer Landslide in Qinba Mountain Area at Town Scale[J]. Northwestern Geology,2024,57(1):1−11. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023159
Citation: LI Zezhi,WANG Xingang. Comparative Study on Evaluation Performance of Different Units of Susceptibility of Accumulation Layer Landslide in Qinba Mountain Area at Town Scale[J]. Northwestern Geology,2024,57(1):1−11. doi: 10.12401/j.nwg.2023159

镇域尺度下秦巴山区堆积层滑坡易发性不同单元评价性能对比研究

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“灌溉区黄土干湿循环劣化后蠕变特性及其促滑机理研究”(41902268)资助
详细信息
    作者简介:

    李泽芝(1998−),男,硕士研究生,主要从事滑坡调查与机理研究。E−mail:1642372052@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    王新刚(1984−),男,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地质灾害机理与防控研究。E−mail:xgwang@nwu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P694

Comparative Study on Evaluation Performance of Different Units of Susceptibility of Accumulation Layer Landslide in Qinba Mountain Area at Town Scale

  • 摘要:

    秦巴山区堆积层滑坡数量多、分布广、密度大、频次高,所造成的危害十分严重,且具有孕灾条件复杂多样和部分灾害评价数据获取难度大等特征。笔者选取秦巴山区小岭镇作为研究区,在地质灾害野外调查基础上,结合堆积层滑坡区域特点,采取栅格、斜坡两种单元类型,因地制宜的提取了滑坡孕灾因子,分析其相关性,提选出坡度、坡高、坡面形态、斜坡结构类型、堆积层厚度、距道路、矿区、断裂的距离等8个因子作为堆积层滑坡特征因子,运用随机森林模型方法对该镇域进行了滑坡易发性评价;并通过评价结果频率比、ROC曲线、易发性概率均值与标准差,对栅格单元、斜坡单元两种单元类型的精度与准确性进行了验证,结果表明:两种评价单元的预测结果都有良好的表现,但斜坡单元作为评价单元总体预测性能高于栅格单元,栅格单元在灾害防治具体空间部署上有着更精细的参考。研究成果对秦巴山区镇域地质灾害风险评价工作有一定的理论和实践意义。

    Abstract:

    The accumulation layer landslides in Qinba Mountain area are abundant, widely distributed and frequently, and the harm caused by them is very serious. Moreover, it is characterized by complex and diverse disaster pregnancy conditions and difficult to obtain some disaster evaluation data. Xiaoling Town, Qinba Mountain, was selected as the research area. The geological hazard field survey was taken as the basis. Combined with the regional characteristics of accumulation landslide, two element types, grid element and slope element, are adopted. The landslide hazard factors were selected according to local conditions, and their correlation was analyzed. Eight factors, including slope, slope height, slope morphology, slope structure type, accumulation layer thickness, distance from road, mining area and fault, are selected as the characteristic factors of accumulation layer landslide. The random forest model method was used to evaluate the landslide susceptibility of the town area. In addition, the accuracy and accuracy of grid element and slope element were verified by frequency ratio, ROC curve, mean value and standard deviation of susceptibility probability of evaluation results. The results show that both evaluation elements have good performance in the re-prediction results, but the overall prediction performance of slope element as evaluation element is higher than that of grid element. In the specific spatial deployment of disaster prevention and control, more detailed reference comes from grid element. The research results have certain theoretical and practical significance for the risk assessment of geological hazards in towns in Qinba Mountains.

  • 图  1   研究区位置图

    Figure  1.   Location of the study area

    图  2   研究区已有堆积层滑坡分布图

    a. 研究区现有堆积层滑坡分布;b.岭丰村矿洞洞口堆积层滑坡;c.罗庄三组堆积层滑坡

    Figure  2.   The distribution of alluvial landslide in the study area

    图  3   研究区栅格单元划分

    Figure  3.   Grid division of Study Area

    图  4   研究区斜坡单元划分

    Figure  4.   Slope division of study area

    图  5   研究区滑坡地质灾害易发性评价指标因子

    a.坡度;b.坡体高度;c.斜坡结构;d.堆积层厚度;e.斜坡形态;f.距河流距离;g.距断裂距离;h.距道路距离;i.距矿区距离

    Figure  5.   Index factors of landslide geological hazard Susceptibility assessment in the study area

    图  6   研究区滑坡易发性区划

    a.栅格单元下研究区滑坡易发性区划图;b.斜坡单元下研究区滑坡易发性区划图

    Figure  6.   The division of landslide susceptibility in the study area

    图  7   各特征因子贡献值

    Figure  7.   Contribution value of each characteristic factor

    图  8   ROC曲线

    Figure  8.   ROC curve

    表  1   研究区滑坡规模分类

    Table  1   Classification of landslide scale in study area

    滑坡类型个数规 模比例(%)
    大型(处)比例(%)中型(处)比例(%)小型(处)比例(%)
    堆积层滑坡260013.572589.2992.86
    基岩滑坡2000027.147.14
    合 计280013.572796.43100.00
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   数据类型及用途

    Table  2   Data types and uses

    数据类型比例尺/分辨率数据用途
    DEM 5 m 提取坡度、坡向、剖面曲率、河流水系等因子;提取评价单元。
    地质图 1∶50000 提取断裂等因子
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   斜坡单元面积概况

    Table  3   Overview of slope unit area

    斜坡单元
    面积类型
    最大面积
    (km2
    最小面积
    (km2
    平均面积
    (km2
    面积值0.810.0190.14
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   两种评价单元下各因子的滑坡发育优势空间

    Table  4   Dominant space of landslide development of each factor under two evaluation units

    特征
    因子
    坡度
    (°)
    坡高
    (m)
    堆积层
    厚度(m)
    坡面
    形态
    斜坡
    结构
    距河流
    距离(m)
    距道路
    距离(m)
    距矿区
    距离(m)
    距断裂
    距离(m)
    栅格单元25~35100~3001~3凹型坡顺向斜坡100~4000~100500~700>1000
    斜坡单元25~35100~3001~3凹型坡顺向斜坡100~4000~100>1000>1000
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   特征因子数据正态性检验结果

    Table  5   Characteristic factor data Normality test results

    特征因子K-S检验(栅格单元)S-W检验(斜坡单元)
    坡高 (m)0. 33(0. 000***)0. 762(0. 000***)
    距河流距离 (m)0. 343(0. 000***)0. 843(0. 000***)
    距道路距离 (m)0. 210(0. 000***)0. 866(0. 000***)
    距矿区距离 (m)0. 361(0. 000***)0. 869(0. 000***)
    堆积层厚度 (m)0. 268(0. 000***)0. 841(0. 000***)
    坡度(°)0. 293(0. 000***)0. 719(0. 000***)
    坡面形态0. 355(0. 000***)0. 794(0. 000***)
    斜坡结构0. 439(0. 000***)0. 849(0. 000***)
    距断裂距离 (m)0. 208(0. 000***)0. 852(0. 000***)
     注:***、**、*分别代表1%、5%、10%的显著性水平。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   特征因子Kendall’s tau-b等级相关系数矩阵(栅格单元)

    Table  6   Characteristic factor Kendall’s tau-b rank correlation coefficient matrix (grid units)

    距矿区
    距离(m)
    距道路
    距离(m)
    坡面
    类型
    坡度
    (°)
    距断裂
    距离(m)
    斜坡
    结构
    坡高
    (m)
    堆积层
    厚度(m)
    距河流
    距离(m)
    距矿区距离(m) 1
    距道路距离(m) 0.304 1
    坡面类型 0.013 0.024 1
    坡度(°) −0.01 0.087 0.023 1
    距断裂距离(m) −0.001 0.118 0.005 −0.02 1
    斜坡结构 −0.141 −0.057 0.006 −0.004 0.201 1
    坡高(m) 0.214 0.203 0.009 0.06 0.002 −0.003 1
    堆积层厚度(m) −0.053 −0.043 −0.003 −0.028 0.002 0.09 −0.024 1
    距河流距离(m) 0.099 0.653 0.029 0.073 0.121 0.023 0.125 0.003 1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   特征因子Kendall's tau-b等级相关系数矩阵(斜坡单元)

    Table  7   Characteristic factor Kendall's tau-brank correlation coefficient matrix (slope units)

    距矿区
    距离(m)
    距道路
    距离(m)
    坡面
    类型
    坡度
    (°)
    距断裂
    距离(m)
    斜坡
    结构
    坡高
    (m)
    堆积层
    厚度(m)
    距河流
    距离(m)
    距矿区距离(m) 1
    距道路距离(m) 0.246 1
    坡面类型 0.059 0.124 1
    坡度(°) −0.07 0.034 0.046 1
    距断裂距离(m) 0.006 0.186 0.042 −0.018 1
    斜坡结构 −0.112 −0.06 0.032 −0.083 0.199 1
    坡高(m) 0.162 0.202 0.043 0.154 −0.011 −0.001 1
    堆积层厚度(m) −0.039 −0.05 −0.043 −0.085 −0.002 0.093 −0.068 1
    距河流距离(m) 0.02 0.606 0.122 0.004 0.138 0.011 0.125 −0.002 1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8   栅格单元与斜坡单元下评价结果频率比

    Table  8   Frequency ratio of evaluation results under grid unit and slope unit

    评价
    单元
    易发
    滑坡
    单元数
    (个)
    滑坡
    单元
    比例(%)
    全区
    单元
    (个)
    全区
    单元
    比例(%)
    频率
    栅格
    单元
    极低00. 00305533166.760. 00
    270. 4489243519.500. 02
    2524.074114358.990. 45
    6039.731391293.043.20
    极高531085.76782601.7150.15
    斜坡
    单元
    极低00. 0045135. 670. 00
    00. 0012928. 530
    13.577918. 380. 19
    13.573812. 620.28
    极高2692.86324. 8019.35
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  9   不同评价单元下易发性概率均值与标准差

    Table  9   Mean and standard deviation of probability of Susceptibility under different evaluation units

    评价单元均值标准差
    栅格单元0. 100. 13
    斜坡单元0. 130. 18
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-01-31
  • 修回日期:  2023-04-18
  • 录用日期:  2023-08-08
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-10
  • 刊出日期:  2024-02-19

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