Abstract: The Loess landslide is one of the most typical geo-hazards in Yili valley, Xinjiang. In order to reveal the causes of spatial and temporal distribution of loess landslides in Yili Valley, 121 undisturbed loess samples have been collected from different areas in Yili Valley and carried out physical and mechanical properties tests, and the development characteristics and spatial and temporal distribution of landslide geo-hazards in Yili Valley were analyzed, and then the correlation between the engineering geological properties of loess in Yili valley and the spatial and temporal distribution of landslide geo-hazards was studied. The results show that landslides in Yili Valley are mainly distributed in the middle and low mountain areas and the loess hilly areas in front of mountains, and are concentrated in the southeast of the Yili Valley; high fine particle content, high natural water content and low shear strength are the essential causes of loess landslide development in the southeastern of the Yili Valley; the low permeability of loess, and the deterioration and strength reduction of surface loess caused by repeated freeze-thaw are the main factors which lead to the development of shallow loess landslides in the snowmelt period from April to May in Yili Valley. The studies in this paper can provide reference for the research on the mechanism and prevention of the loess landslide geo-hazards in Yili Valley.