Application and Prospect of Remote Sensing Technology in Geological Survey of Northwest China
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摘要: 西北地区地广人稀、地质结构复杂、自然资源丰富、生态环境异常脆弱，利用遥感技术开展地质调查能起到事半功倍的效果。笔者简要回顾了遥感地质学的发展及西北地区遥感地质工作总体成效，系统归纳了西安地质调查中心通过构建“西北特殊景观区自然资源遥感探测与监测示范系统”取得的技术创新成果和新认识，客观分析了遥感技术在西北地质工作中的适用性、实用性及挖掘潜力，以此为缩影展示了遥感技术在西北资源能源勘查、地质环境调查监测、资源环境效应分析中发挥的重要先导作用。通过梳理利用遥感技术解决西北典型资源环境问题面临的挑战与技术短板，提出“十四五”时期应重点围绕西北重点生态工程实施与重点区域综合治理、矿山地质环境恢复治理、战略性矿产资源快速勘查、寒区旱区国土空间优化4个应用方向，不断融入大数据、云计算、人工智能、5G和区块链等高新信息技术，就自然资源要素遥感快速智能识别、地质环境动态变化定量分析与模拟预测、图谱合一的谱遥感地球体检等关键技术展开机理研究和方法创新。研究结果可为推进遥感技术在西北地质调查中的产学研用一体化提供理论依据和技术参考。Abstract: Northwest China is a vast and sparsely populated area with a complex geological structure, rich natural resources and an unusually fragile ecological environment, so the use of remote sensing technology to carry out geological surveys can achieve twice the result with half the effort. This paper firstly briefly reviews the development of remote sensing geology and the overall effectiveness of remote sensing geological work in Northwest China; secondly, it systematically summarizes the technical innovation results and new understanding achieved by Xi'an Geological Survey Center through constructing the "Demonstration System of Remote Sensing Detection and Monitoring of Natural Resources in Northwest Special Landscape Area"; meanwhile, it objectively analyzes the applicability, practicality and potential of remote sensing technology in Northwest China's geological work, and shows the important pioneering role of remote sensing technology in Northwest China's resource and energy exploration, geological environment investigation and monitoring, and resource and environment effect analysis in recent years. By sorting out the new challenges and technical shortcomings of using remote sensing technology to solve typical resource and environmental problems in Northwest China, we propose that "The 14th Five-Year Plan period" should focus on four application directions:implementation of key ecological projects in Northwest China and comprehensive improvement of key regions, restoration and improvement of mine geological environment, rapid exploration of strategic mineral resources, and optimization of land space in cold and arid regions. At the same time, we should continuously integrate new and advanced information technologies such as big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, 5G and blockchain to carry out mechanism research and methodological innovation in remote sensing rapid and intelligent identification of natural resource elements, quantitative analysis and simulation prediction of dynamic changes in geological environment, spectral remote sensing earth health examination combined with spectrum and image. The results can provide theoretical basis and technical reference for promoting the integration of production-academia-research-use of remote sensing technology in the geological survey of Northwest China.
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